پیش بینی سوالات اسپیکینگ آیلتس

• Do you know anything about growing plants?
• Do you keep plants at home?
• Did you grow any plants when you were young?

1. Do you know anything about growing plants?

 Well, people call me green-fingered. My granny maintained a big garden in her backyard, and I had a whale of time there during my holidays. I learnt the art of gardening from her. From planting seedlings, watering, and nurturing them with organic manure to pruning them, I learnt a great deal from her, and I’m on my own now. I have a big garden, and sometimes I help my friends to make one too.

2. Do you keep plants at home?

 Yes, I’ve got some indoors and outdoors. One interesting plant I grow indoors is the Desert cacti. Though many abhor it, I decided to try my hands on. It required some research and little effort. I grew it in a pot and watered it whenever the soil began to dry. It did pay me off by blooming after three years. It was such a pleasure!

3. Did you grow any plants when you were young?

 Yes. I helped my mum raise a bougainvillea. I enjoyed watering it, and we celebrated when it was in full bloom.

VOCABULARY:

 Green fingered (adj) – Having a seemingly natural gardening ability

Eg: Your Ixora is doing good. You must be green fingered.

Whale of time (noun phrase) – A very enjoyable experience

Eg: We had a whale of time in Mauritius.

Pruning (verb) – trim (a tree, shrub, or bush) by cutting away dead or overgrown branches or stems, especially to encourage growth.

Eg: It is time to prune the roses.

Abhor (verb) – regard with disgust and hatred

Eg: He abhorred killing of animals.

• What do you usually do in the countryside?
• Have you ever lived in the countryside?
• Would you enjoy living in the countryside?
• Will you live in the countryside in the future?

1. What do you usually do in the countryside?

 I often go to Shimoga, which is a 6-hour drive from Bangalore, where I live. Well, I have got plenty of things to do there. I go to the Jog falls, which is such stunning scenery. I take long walks, breathe in the fresh air, and enjoy the tranquility.

2. Have you ever lived in the countryside?

 I have not lived in one, but I did spend a good deal of time in Tanjore, where my aunt lived. We used to visit her during summer vacations. She owned some acres of growing rice fields, and we enjoyed getting drenched in the water pump on the farm. I miss those days!

3. Would you enjoy living in the countryside?

 I work for an IT company, and many companies have plans to move to the countryside to escape the traffic. That way, I might get a chance to live in the countryside. I would thoroughly enjoy it.

4. Will you live in the countryside in the future?

 I would, when I retire. I think it is the right time. So, I might end up spending my old age in the countryside. I would be able to enjoy the lovely, friendly, and beautiful countryside to the fullest.

VOCABULARY

 Tranquility (noun) – the quality or state of being tranquil; calm.

Eg: I enjoy the tranquility of rural areas.

Drenched (verb) – wet thoroughly; soak

Eg: Since it rained in the park, I got drenched.

Acres (noun) – a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare).

Eg: He owns some acres of land, in the northern part of the village

Retirement (noun) – the action or fact of leaving one’s job and ceasing to work.

Eg: The retirement age in India is 58.

• Do you like to take photos?
• In which situation do you take photos?
• How do you store your photos?
• Do you prefer to take photos of yourself or have other people take photos?

1. Do you like to take photos?

 Yes, I love it. I started by taking photos on my mobile camera at weddings and parties. Slowly, I became interested in nature. I started taking snaps of birds and flowers. Then I bought a digital cam. Photography is my hobby now!

2. In which situation do you take photos?

 I carry my camera with me wherever I go. You never know when a special moment occurs. It could just be rain in the hillside, the laughter of your kid, a monkey jumping with its newborn, a roaring lion in the wild. It could be any small moment of awe that you would want to treasure for the future.

3. How do you store your photos?

 I store them in the cloud, and it could be anything from a dropbox, google photos, or google drive. I don’t save them on the phone because I run out of space. When I find something interesting, I don’t hesitate to make an album out of them.

4. Do you like posing for pictures?

 I love selfies! But I also like to pose for photos. But I don’t restrict myself to weddings and parties. It could be anything from a picnic with friends, trekking in the wild, or simply loving moments with my family.

VOCABULARY

 snap (noun) – An informal photograph that is not very skillful or artistic

Eg: I took some snaps of a monkey in the zoo.

Camera (noun) – a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, film, or video signals

Eg: The little girl did not like to face the camera.

Awe (noun) – a feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder.

Eg: She gazed in awe at the golden bangles.

Selfies (noun) – a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and shared via social media.

Eg : She posted her selfie on Facebook.

• Do you travel by public transport?
• When was the last time you travelled by public transport?
• What you don’t like about public transport?
• Would you prefer to use public transport in the future?

1. Do you travel by public transport?

 Yes, I do. Every morning I take a bus to my office. There are air-conditioned and non-air conditioned buses plying in the city. I prefer to take the air-conditioned bus, though it is costlier.

2. When was the last time you travelled by public transport?

 It was last Friday when I had to go to the office. Like I said before, I took the air-conditioned bus, and the ride was comfortable.

3. What don’t you like about public transport?

 The AC buses are less frequent. If you miss one, you have to wait nearly 10 minutes for the next one to arrive. In the evenings, when you are worn out and want to go home soon, it tests your temper.

4. Would you prefer to use public transport in the future?

 No. I want to use my vehicle. Considering the traffic in the city, I would prefer a two-wheeler rather than a four-wheeler.

VOCABULARY

 Ply (verb) – travel regularly over a route, typically for commercial purposes.

Eg: These buses ply across the bridge.

Ride (noun) – a journey made on a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle, or in a vehicle.

Eg: Her uncle took her for a ride on the bike.

Worn out (adj) – extremely tired; exhausted.

Eg: She looked worn out.

temper (noun) – tendency to become angry very quickly.

Eg: She has a real temper.

• Do you sometimes go to bed late?
• What do you do when you stay up late?
• How do you feel when you have stayed up late the night before?

1. Do you sometimes go to bed late?

Well, it depends on whether I have met my deadlines at work. If not, I stay late to finish it and go to bed around 1:00 PM or 2:00 PM.

2. What do you do when you stay up late?

I would do many things. I would finish pending office work, read a book that I find irresistible, or talk to a friend over the phone.

3. How do you feel when you have stayed up late the night before?

It doesn’t feel nice to sleep late and wake up early. I get a headache, the next morning and it spoils my whole day.

VOCABULARY

Meet a deadline (noun phrase) – to finish work on time, by the agreed date.

Eg: We are hoping to meet the July deadline

Irresistible(adj) – too attractive and tempting to be resisted.

Eg: The chocolates were irresistible.

Over the phone (noun phrase) – hat something is done using the phone as a way to do it.

Eg: She conveyed the news over the phone

Spoil (verb) – diminish or destroy the value or quality of.

Eg: Don’t spoil the fun.

• Have you ever met a celebrity in real life?
• Who is your favourite movie star?
• Are international superstars popular in your country?

1. Have you ever met a celebrity in real life?

 Yes. I have seen Amitabh Bachan in the airport. But I didn’t make any effort to get an autograph from him. Sometimes I happen to sit next to film stars when I travel by air when they take the economy class. But I have not volunteered to talk to them.

2. Who is your favourite movie star?

Well, I’m a fan of Hedieh Tehrani. She is a versatile actress, and I admired her from the very first movie. She is worth the Miss Universe title. My admiration increased after I watched her performance in the movie ‘Red’.

3. Are international superstars popular in your country?

 Yes, they are. The youth of our country adore them. International superstars like Chris Hemsworth, Chris Evan, Robert Downey Jr, Gal Gadot are extremely popular in our country. From the music world the superstars Taylor Swift, Alan Walker, Selena Gomes, Ed Sheeran, Justin Bieber, and many more have their tracks on trending.

VOCABULARY

 Autograph (noun) – a signature, especially that of a celebrity written as a memento for an admirer.

Eg: The actor was surrounded by fans asking for an autograph

Versatile (adj) – able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities.

Eg: Sarah was a versatile poetess of her times.

Adore (verb) – love and respect (someone) deeply.

Eg: Children adore their mothers.

Superstar (noun) – an extremely famous and successful performer or sports player.

Eg: She became a superstar without much effort.

• Do you ever drink bottled water? Why?
• What kind of water do you like to drink?
• How often do you drink water?
• Do you think water is an important resource?

1. Do you ever drink bottled water? Why?

Yes, I do. I prefer bottled water when going on a long drive to new places because there is no guarantee for the purity of water in the new place. So bottled water is the convenient and best source of water at such times.

2. What kind of water do you like to drink?

I am happy with the water that I get out of my aqua water purifier. I believe it is pure and has all the essential minerals to keep me healthy.

3. How often do you drink water?

I drink a glass of water every hour. That makes 12-15 glasses of water per day. It helps me to keep myself hydrated and stay fit.

4. Do you think water is a vital resource?

Yes, of course. Water is an elixir of life. Since ancient times, civilizations were created near sources of water. It plays a vital role in sustaining life on earth.

VOCABULARY

 Guarantee (noun) – a formal assurance (typically in writing) that certain conditions will be fulfilled, especially that a product will be repaired or replaced if not of a specified quality.

Eg: The shop offered a guarantee against rusting

Hydrated (verb) – cause to absorb water.

Eg: The skin doctor prescribed a moisturizer that would keep the skin hydrated

Fit (adj) – in good health, especially because of regular physical exercise.

Eg: You must learn to keep yourself fit

Sustaining (verb) – strengthen or support physically or mentally.

Eg: You must use protein drinks to sustain your energy.

• Do you like to cook?
• Have you ever baked a cake?
• Would you like to learn how to bake ?
• What kinds of things are baked in your country?

1. Do you like to cook?

 I love cooking. I like to prepare interesting delicacies and share it with friends and relatives. My day begins with the aroma of the spices. I feel heavenly when chopping the sweet-smelling coriander and on hearing the mustard seeds splutter. After a hard day’s work, cooking rejuvenates my mind.

2. Have you ever baked a cake?

 Yes. I have tried it on a stove, though. All you have to do is preheat a vessel. In the meanwhile, you can prepare the batter. You can either use powdered chocolate biscuits or cocoa. Grease a tray with butter, pour the batter onto it and place it in the preheated vessel for about 45 minutes to 1 hour and your cake will be ready.

3. Would you like to learn how to bake?

 Yes. Though I know how to make a cake and have watched a lot of YouTube videos, I would be interested in learning it in person from a Chef.

4. What kinds of things are baked in your country?

 Well, a lot of things are baked in our country from cakes to cookies and bread to pies. Plum cakes are my favourite. They are made of either dried fruits like grapes, currants, raisins or prunes, orange peels or with fresh fruits.

VOCABULARY

 Delicacies (noun) – something delightful or pleasing, especially a choice food considered with regard to its rarity, costliness, or the like

Eg: Chocolate lava cake is a true delicacy

Batter (noun) – mixture of flour and liquid with other ingredients

Eg: She got the dosa batter from store

Chef (noun) – a professional cook, typically the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel.

Eg: She worked as a Chef in a five-star hotel

Prunes (noun) – a plum preserved by drying and having a black, wrinkled appearance.

Eg: Prunes are high in fiber and are very good for health.

• What’s your favourite colour?
• Do you usually wear clothes in your favourite colours?
• Are there any colours you dislike?
• Do you like dark colours or light colours?

1. What’s your favourite colour?

 My choice varies based on purpose. If I’m to choose clothes, I would prefer all shades of green. If it is for house decor, I will choose shades of pink as it radiates a warm and cosy feeling into the minds.

2. Do you usually wear clothes in your favourite colours?

 Yes. My mum says my wardrobe looks green. I have all shades of green from lime, olive, emerald to sea green and parrot green.

3. Are there any colours you dislike?

 No. It is not that I dislike, but I avoid colours like black when it comes to painting my house. It makes sense when the painter says you have to choose colours that reflect light.

4. Do you like dark colours or light colours?

 I choose based on my mood. When I’m happy, I pick out bright, vibrant colours. When I’m sad,

I go for dull shades.

VOCABULARY

 Radiates (verb) – emit (energy, especially light or heat) in the form of rays or waves.

Eg: The sun radiates energy

Cozy (verb) – make (someone) feel comfortable or complacent.

Eg: She felt cozy curled up on the velvet sofa

Wardrobe (noun) – a large, tall cupboard or recess in which clothes may be hung or stored.

Eg: Her wardrobe is very expensive

Olive (adj) – greyish green

Eg: She wore a olive gown for the party

• Are you a tidy person?
• Do you think people should be tidy all the time?
• Are you tidier at work or at home?

1.  Are you a tidy person?

 Yes, I’m. I like to keep myself and my surroundings very clean. I love tidying my house, and you can even call it my hobby.

2. Do you think people should be tidy all the time?

 Yes. I’m very hygiene conscious. I think everyone should follow simple things like washing hands after they use the restroom, covering their face with a handkerchief when they sneeze, or cough.

3. Are you tidier at work or home?

 I would say both. At work, I don’t mess up my office cabin with dolls and other unwanted stuff. At home, I’m more organized. Everything has its place at my home.

VOCABULARY

 Surroundings (noun) – the things and conditions around a person or thing.

Eg: She hated her surroundings.

Tidy (verb) – bring order to; arrange neatly.

Eg: The maid tidied the house

Hobby (noun) – an activity done regularly in one’s leisure time for pleasure.

Eg: Reading was her hobby

Hygiene (noun) – conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness.

Eg: Personal hygiene is very important

• What’s your favourite movie?
• Do your friends like this movie?
• What kind of movies do young people like?
• Would you like to be a movie star?

1. What’s your favourite movie?

I love the movie Interstellar. It is a science fiction film. It describes a group of astronauts who are in search of a new home for humanity.

2. Do your friends like this movie?

Yes. They like it too. It was one of my friends who recommended this movie to me. Some of them were so amused that they began telling me that we better get prepared to live on planets like Mars.

3. What kind of movies do young people like?

In my opinion, young people are fond of superhuman characters like spiderman. Also, they like fantasies like Harry Potter.

4. Would you like to be a movie star?

No, not at all. I hate to sacrifice my privacy. I hate to be surrounded by paparazzi all the time.

VOCABULARY

 Fiction (noun) – literature in the form of prose, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people.

Eg: Things which were once created in fiction are becoming a reality

Astronaut (noun) – a person who is trained to travel in a spacecraft.

Eg: A group of astronauts travelled to Mercury, last week.

Amused (adj) – finding something funny or entertaining.

Eg: Children were so amused by the magician.

Paparazzis (noun) – a freelance photographer who pursues celebrities to get photographs of them.

Eg: She drove the car fast, to escape from the paparazzis.

• What is the hardest part about making plans?
• What is the most recent plan you made?
• Do you make plans every day?
• Are you good at managing your time?

1. What is the hardest part of making plans?

 It’s about prioritizing. It isn’t easy to decide the order in which you have to take up the tasks. I often keep wondering whether I should do yoga first or prepare breakfast.

2. What is the most recent plan you made?

 I made a travel plan to Bylaguppe, which is on the way to Madikeri. We were a group of four. We planned to travel in my car, and I made the hotel arrangements too. Since it is a Tibetan settlement, we were on the lookout for authentic Indian food. I was successful in booking a lodging near an Indian restaurant. It was a walkable distance to the restaurant, and my friends appreciated me for it.

3. Do you make plans every day?

 Well, it’s not that I make a plan, but things seem to work out in order. I would say I got used to the routine. I rarely do anything out of the ordinary, so you can call me well-planned too.

4. Are you good at managing your time?

I don’t make any effort towards it. I follow my routine, and if anything is a priority, be it at work or home, I do that first. Time gets managed automatically.

VOCABULARY

 Priority (noun) – the fact or condition of being regarded or treated as more important than others.

Eg: She was given work to be done on priority.

Well-planned (adj) – carefully arranged or designed.

Eg: The wedding was well planned.

Automatic (adj) – (with reference to a device or process) by itself with little or no direct human control.

Eg: The vehicle had an automatic gear.

Routine (noun) – a sequence of actions regularly followed.

Eg: She always stuck to the routine

• Do you like running?
• Have you ever run a long-distance?
• Would you prefer to watch a running competition live or on TV?
• Do you think running is a good way to stay healthy?

1.  Do you like running?

 Not much. I have vague memories of participating in running races when I was in school. Nowadays, I run only when my friends call me. It was just last week when we chose to run around a hill. We completed a full circle. We also took in some medicinal air because the hill was full of herbs.

2.  Have you ever run a long-distance?

 Well, my Company organizes marathons once in a while. My friends forced me to participate in it. So, I have run some marathons. It feels nice when you run across places of scenic beauty with friends around. We also do barefoot running occasionally.

3. Would you prefer to watch a running competition live or on TV?

 I prefer to watch it on television. It is interesting to find out who the fastest runner is. I do tune in to watch the Olympics and find out where my country stands.

4. Do you think running is a good way to stay healthy?

 Undoubtedly, yes. Most importantly, it helps in improving cardiovascular fitness. But, unfortunately, most people have restricted themselves to treadmills now.

VOCABULARY

race(noun) – a competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course.

Eg: He won in the bike race.

Marathon (noun) – a long-distance running race, strictly one of 26 miles 385 yards (42.195 km)

Eg: She won a gold medal in the marathon for girls.

Barefoot running (adj phrase) – the act of running without footwear.

Eg: Barefoot running helps in strengthening the muscles.

Treadmills (noun) – a device used for exercise, consisting of a continuous moving belt on which to walk or run.

Eg: Treadmill test is conducted to check the functioning of the heart.

• Are there many parks near where you live?
• Do you like going to the parks?
• Do you think there are enough parks or gardens in your hometown?
• What did you use to do in parks as a child?

1. Are there many parks near where you live?

 Yes, there are quite a few of them. The national government has issued a mandate to all the local governments to build parks to develop community building. So, there are many projects on parks coming up. They have planned to establish two new parks near our area. I read it in the newspapers.

2. Do you like going to the parks?

 I’m very fond of Gibb’s Garden near my house. It has a small pond as well. I go there on weekends to relax and enjoy the fresh air.

3. Do you think there are enough parks or gardens in your hometown?

 We have one large garden in the centre of the city, but there are also several parks in the suburbs. So, I think we have just the right number of parks in our town.

4. What did you use to do in parks as a child?

 I had loads of fun in the park nearby. It had a see-saw, and I enjoyed going up and down on it. We had other children from the neighbourhood who joined me in playing. We had a miniature version of the merry-go-round which we thoroughly enjoyed.

VOCABULARY

 Garden (noun) – a piece of ground adjoining a house, in which grass, flowers, and shrubs may be grown.

Eg: There was a garden near his house

Pond (noun) – a small body of still water formed naturally or by artificial means.

Eg: There was a lotus pond in the middle of the village.

Relax (verb) – make or become less tense or anxious.

Eg: The hair spa was very relaxing.

Seesaw (noun) – a long plank balanced in the middle on a fixed support, on each end of which children sit and swing up and down by pushing the ground alternately with their feet.

Eg: Kids enjoy going up and down in the seesaw.

• Do you like the area that you live in?
• Do you know any famous people in your local area?
• Where do you like to go, in that area?
• What are some recent changes in your local area?

1. Do you like the area that you live in currently?

 I have recently moved to Indira Nagar in Adyar. I purchased an apartment here after I got a hike in my Company. It is covered by trees on both sides of the road. It is quite sedate. I take pride in myself for buying an apartment here.

2. Do you know any famous people in your local area?

 Well, I know some people from the Exnora and Rotary clubs. I love to get indulged in Exnora’s

activities like planting saplings and join the rotary club in its service-oriented activities.

3. Where do you like to go, in that area?

 Adyar is quite big. I want to go to Lattice Bridge road where there are merchants of different types. It is a bustling road, but I love to take an evening stroll. It is intriguing to see people roaming busily across the street.

4. What are some recent changes in your local area?

 There are lots of boutiques coming up. Also, I saw a new beauty parlour on my way home last night. Some residents have sold their houses, and flats are being constructed in those places.

VOCABULARY

 Apartment (noun) – is a room or suite of rooms designed as a residence and generally located in a building occupied by more than one household.

Eg: She lived in a prestigious apartment.

Sedate (adjective) – quiet

Eg: It was a sedate suburban society.

Club (noun) – an association dedicated to a particular interest or activity.

Eg: I’m a part of the nature club.

Residents (noun) – a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis.

Eg: It is a beautiful place with just 40 residents.

• Do you often walk?
• Where do you walk?
• Do you think you walk enough?
• Do you think people will walk more in the future?
• Where do you usually take a walk?
• Do you think people will walk more or not in the future?
• Do you walk more often in the past?
• Do you walk a lot?

1. Do you often walk?

 I don’t do it religiously as an exercise. But I do get chances to walk for some time in a day.

2. Where do you walk?

 I walk inside my office. After parking the vehicle, I have to walk some distance to reach my building in the office. In the evenings, I walk back to the car parking area. This is my walking schedule every day.

3. Do you think you walk enough?

 To be honest, I work out on the treadmill, half-an-hour every day and believe that it helps. Other than that, I walk in the nearby parks on weekends.

4. Do you think people will walk more in the future?

 With the advent of devices like treadmills, walking has ceased among the urbane community. The rural community is also progressing rapidly. People are keen to modernize their lives. So, it is quite doubtful that people will want to walk in the future.

5. Where do you usually take a walk?

(Answer) Well, I don’t walk in any particular place. I like to walk with my friends to the park so that we can talk and feel less exhausted on the way.

6. Do you think people will walk more or not in the future?

 (Answer) No, I don’t think so. (Give a reason for your answer) Under the pressure of such a fast-paced life, people seem to be increasingly reluctant to have a walk regularly. Modern citizens think that driving is a more preferable way of travelling which just eliminates the hurdle that you may otherwise face if there is no public transportation available or pedestrian roads.

7. Do you walk more often in the past?

 (Answer) Surprisingly, I walk more often these days than I used to in the past. (Give a reason for your answer) For a very long period of time, I suffered great concentration issues and was not able to focus on one thing for a long period of time. So I took up walking 6 months ago and thanks to this activity, my focus capacity became sharper.

8. Do you walk a lot?

(Answer) As often as necessary – which mostly means longer distances, but the walking experience is worth it.

(Give a reason for your answer) Otherwise, I try to use my bicycle, even in winter, to remain in good shape. I just happen to like biking, as a sport. Also it proves to be economical and environmentally-friendly.

VOCABULARY

 Exercise (noun) – activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness.

Eg: Exercise improves blood circulation.

Schedule (noun) – a plan for carrying out a process or procedure, giving lists of intended events and times.

Eg: He has a hectic morning schedule

Ceased (verb) – come or bring to an end.

Eg: The pandemic ceased and lockdowns were lifted.

Modernize (verb) – adapt (something) to modern needs or habits, typically by installing modern equipment or adopting modern ideas or methods.

Eg: They modernized the school.

• Which languages do you speak?
• What are the common languages in your country?
• Would you like to learn a new language?
• Is it important to speak a foreign language?
• Will you learn other languages in the future?
• Do you think it is difficult to learn a new language?
• What language can you speak?
• Why do you learn English?

1. Which languages do you speak?

Apart from English and my native language, I know French. In high school, I had the option to choose any foreign language as a major. I chose French and also enrolled in Alliance Francaise. We enacted the ‘Tenali Raman’ drama in French, which I fondly recall every time I talk in French.

2. What are the common languages in your country?

I take pride in saying we speak around 22 official languages in our country. There are 29 states in India, and each state has its own language. But you need not know all of them. You can survive with Hindi and English which you can also call as common languages.

3. Would you like to learn a new language?

Yes, of course. I work for a Japanese company. So, I’m very much interested to learn Japanese, so that I can impress my clients. Also, Japanese and Spanish translators are paid well in corporate companies.

4. Is it important to speak a foreign language?

It will give you an edge over others in terms of career. Your connectivity improves. You not only learn the language but the culture of that particular nation. The fact that you will be able to gel well with a new community will be extremely beneficial in your career.

5. Will you learn other languages in the future?

(Answer) Well, my foremost choice would be French.

(Give a reason for your answer) On the one hand, I am really into travelling to France because this nation boasts a diverse range of culture like literature, architecture, fashion, and cooking. A good command of French will equip me with the necessary languages to interact with its native speakers. Besides, I know a lot of engaging French movies so that’s quite a compelling reason to learn their language.

6. Do you think it is difficult to learn a new language?

 (Answer) Yes, of course it is. Well, there are different challenges for different people and for different languages.

(Give a reason for your answer) For the language itself, grammar may baffle many learners, while others can’t pick up pronunciation and struggle to memorize vocabulary. Alphabets can be challenging, especially complicated ones like Kanji or Tibetan. Besides, other obstacles like the lack of time and resources generally present themselves during the learning process.

7. What language can you speak?

 (Answer) I can speak Iranian and English and just a bit of Korean.

(Give a reason for your answer) I try to expose myself to the language according to my hobbies and interests. Watching movies with subtitles, reading books on my favourite topics or listening to music is of great help to my linguistic command.

8. Why do you learn English?

(Answer) There are many reasons to learn English nowadays.

(Give a reason for your answer) I learn English out of academic, diplomatic, commercial or other practical considerations because it is the preferred language when communicating with most foreigners. Practically, learning foreign language helps to broaden my opportunities for becoming a global citizen.

VOCABULARY

 Native language (adj phrase) – the language of the country that someone is born in or native to

Eg: French was his native language.

Official language (adj phrase) – a language given a special status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction

Eg: Tamil is an official language in India.

Translators (noun) – a person who translates from one language into another, especially as a profession.

Eg: Japanese translators are paid well.

Foreign language (adj phrase) – a language originally from another country than the speaker.

Eg: Indians speak good English, though it is a foreign language for them.

• How many public holidays do you have in your country?
• Which public holiday is your favorite?
• What do you usually do on a public holiday?
• Do you think people need more public holidays?

1. How many public holidays do you have in your country?

 Well, I cannot be accurate but can give a try. The festival season starts with Ganesh Chaturthi in August. From then on, we have an array of festivals till Christmas in December. Then we have the national holidays like Republic day in January and Independence Day in August. So, there’s a fairly good number of holidays for us.

2. Which public holiday is your favourite?

 Diwali, without a doubt. I enjoy the fireworks and sound of the crackers and burst them too. I love to light the flower pots and rockets. Also, I cannot forget the number of delicacies that are prepared on that day. It is lovely to see the smiling faces of people and the love and affection with which they wish “Happy Diwali” to each other.

3. What do you usually do on a public holiday?

 It depends on the nature of the holiday. If it is a festival, we thoroughly enjoy the day. If it is a day of national importance like Independence Day, we revere the sacrifices of our ancestors.

4. Do you think people need more public holidays?

 Yes, I do think so! Corporate companies are so smart that they have introduced a concept called optional holidays. So, we don’t get to enjoy all the holidays in a year. This concept should be abolished, and everyone should get to enjoy all the holidays.

VOCABULARY

 Festivals (noun) – a day or period of celebration, typically for religious reasons.

Eg: She celebrates festivals in a grand manner

Firecrackers (noun) – A firecracker (cracker, noise maker, banger,) is a small explosive device primarily designed to produce a large amount of noise, especially in the form of a loud bang, usually for celebration or entertainment.

Eg: People enjoy bursting firecrackers on Diwali.

National holiday (adj phrase) –a nationally recognized day when most businesses and other institutions are closed.

Eg: All shops are closed on national holidays

Optional holiday (adj phrase) – The holiday which is optional for each individual employee and each employee can decide whether he/she wants to take a leave on that day or not.

Eg: Ramzan was an optional holiday for Hindus in ABC Company.

• When do you listen to music?
• How much time do you spend listening to music every day?
• What kinds of music do you like to listen to?
• Have you ever been to a concert before?

1. When do you listen to music?

 I listen to music, whenever and wherever I can. I usually enjoy listening to my playlists when going on a long drive in my car. Listening to music at such moments will raise your spirits.

2. How much time do you spend listening to music every day?

 Almost every day, when I’m back from work. I listen to music when I prepare dinner. After a hard day at work, it is very relaxing and refreshing to listen to music. It replenishes your energy.

3. What kinds of music do you enjoy listening to?

 I like to listen to a variety of music from Carnatic music to film songs. I like the fusion kind of music where you have both classical and western renderings. I also like Ghazals.

4. Have you ever been to a concert before?

 Sadly, No. But given a chance, I would like to attend the Bryan Adams concert. I want to see him performing live. I have just moved to the UK for work, and I look forward to attending one, very soon.

VOCABULARY

 Carnatic music (adj phrase) – form of music that is associated with the southern part of India with its area roughly confined to five states of India i.e. Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.

Eg: Saritha visited the carnatic vocal concerts in December.

Renderings (noun) – a performance of a piece of music or drama.

Eg: It was an exotic rendering of “Eye of the tiger”.

Concert (noun) – a musical performance given in public, typically by several performers or of several compositions.

Eg: A pop concert was being organised in Oregon.

Ghazals (noun) – (in Middle Eastern and Indian literature and music) a lyric poem with a fixed number of verses and a repeated rhyme, typically on the theme of love, and normally set to music.

Eg: She attended classes for Ghazals which is why she is able to sing them well.

• Do you like your current age?
• What do you like about it?
• At what age do you think people are the happiest?
• What was the most important decision you have made?

1. Do you like your current age?

 Yeah, definitely. I’m happy to be the age I’m in right now, because it has made me wise. It feels great to be alive and to have experienced so much about the world.

2. What do you like about it?

 As you get older, you are settling in your life. Your accomplishments bring you a sense of joy. It is surprising that you get rid of petty qualities like jealousy and contempt, with age. You tend to become more loving and magnanimous.

3. At what age do you think people are the happiest?

 I think people are happiest in their fifties. It is neither young nor too old. Most of them would have been settled by then. It is my opinion that people would be wise and content at this age.

4. What was the most important decision you have made?

 The most important decision I made is to settle in the UK. I moved to the UK for work reasons but later the opportunity extended and I felt fairly at home in the UK. I thought I could manage myself well here. So, I got my parents to stay with me.

VOCABULARY

 Alive (adj) – (of a person, animal, or plant) living, not dead.

Eg: They captured the tiger alive.

Experienced (adj) – having gained knowledge or skill in a particular field over time.

Eg: Sita was an experienced gynaecologist.

Settling in life (adj phrase) – what someone does when they have a job/career that makes them happy and provides for their needs, and they have a husband/wife (and possibly children) and have a home.

Eg: Ram is in his late forties and has settled down in his life.

Decision (noun) – a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.

• Do you like traveling?
• Which cities have you traveled to?
• What kind of cities do you like to travel to?
• Which city left the deepest impression on you?

1. Do you like traveling?

 I would like to go on a world tour. The fact that I’ve started earning in the UK gives me confidence that I can make my dream come true. I want to travel both by air and by sea. I read “Adventures of Rusty” when I was very young and that inspired me to sea travel.

2. Which cities have you traveled to?

 I have been to many places in India. I have seen the India gate and Taj Mahal, Ajanta and Ellora caves, Dakshineshwar Kali, and the snow in Kashmir.

3. What kind of cities do you like to travel to?

 I love History. I want to explore historic places that I have read about in books. So, I prefer to visit cities with a rich cultural heritage and there are plenty of them in India.

4. Which city left the deepest impression on you?

 Undoubtedly Calcutta. It was the original British Capital. I loved it so much. I have a photograph of me, standing on the Howrah Bridge. I experienced the spiritual vibes of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa in the Dakshineshwar temple. I also visited the “Missionaries of charity” and got an autograph from the current superior General. I treasure it.

VOCABULARY

 Tour (noun) – a journey for pleasure in which several different places are visited.

Eg: Swetha went on a tour of Europe.

Explore (verb) – travel through (an unfamiliar area) in order to learn about it

Eg: They explored the forest.

Cultural Heritage (adj) – an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values

Eg: We are determined to preserve our unique cultural heritage for future generations.

Bridge (noun) – a structure carrying a road, path, railway, etc. across a river, road, or other obstacles.

Eg: He made his way up to the Bridge

• Do you prefer a long break or several short breaks?
• How often do you take a break?
• What do you usually do during a break?
• Why do you need to take a break?

1. Do you prefer a long break or several short breaks?

 I prefer to take several shot breaks because it revives my energy and I can be back at work fully charged. Long breaks tend to make you lazy and ultimately lose motivation to work.

2. How often do you take a break?

 I reach the office at 8 in the morning and leave at 7 in the evening. So, I take a number of short breaks spanning 5 mins, every 1 hour.

3. What do you usually do during a break?

 I usually go for a coffee or grab a biscuit. If I’m very hungry I go to the cafeteria and have something substantial.

4. Why do you need to take a break?

 Science reveals that human beings can be productive only for 6 hours in a day. When we work continuously, we develop fatigue and our capacity decreases. So, it is essential that we take some breaks.

VOCABULARY

 Revive (verb) – give new strength or energy to.

Eg: The cool air revived us.

Spanning (verb) – extend across (a period of time or a range of subjects).

Eg: His interest spanned across all branches of History.

Productive (adj) – producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops, or other commodities

Eg: His employees were very productive.

Fatigue (noun) – extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness.

Eg: Soon after the morning workout, he was dying out of fatigue.

• Do you prefer to use a pen or a pencil for writing?
• When was the last time you bought a pen or a pencil?
• How would you feel if someone gave you a pen or a pencil as a gift?

1. Do you prefer to use a pen or a pencil for writing?

 I prefer an ink pen over pencils or ball point pens because my teachers had always insisted on using one. Using an ink pen is said to improve handwriting. But now that I work in an IT company, everything is digitized and we hardly use pens or pencils.

2. When was the last time you bought a pen or a pencil?

 Like I said before, we store everything in computers. So, it’s been a long while since I went to a stationary shop to buy a pen or pencil. But I did place a request for a marker in my office stationery app.

3. How would you feel if someone gave you a pen or a pencil as a gift?

I would be overjoyed. I still have the parker pen gifted by my dad on my table. It cost a fortune to get that pen those days.

VOCABULARY

 Ballpoint pen (noun) – a pen with a tiny ball as its writing point, especially one using stiffer ink than a rollerball.

Eg: He seldom used ballpoint pens.

Handwriting (noun) – a person’s particular style of writing.

Eg: His handwriting was neat.

Stationery (noun) –writing and other office materials.

Eg: He bought some stationery items from the shop.

Costs a fortune (noun phrase) – to cost a lot of money

Eg: It cost a fortune to get the house painted.

• Do you like spending time by yourself?
• How do you usually spend your time by yourself?
• What did you do last time when you were by yourself?

1. Do you like spending time by yourself?

 Well, I need some time for myself and will not compromise on it. But that doesn’t mean I’m a loner. It is only a little while after which I connect myself to people.

2. How do you usually spend your time by yourself?

 Well, I read a book, listen to some soothing music, lie down on the bed and have a nap, talk to my friend over the phone or tidy up things at home.

3. What did you do last time when you were by yourself?

 I was working. I had to finish a deadline and I was hooked on my work. Because I was working alone on a Saturday, I was able to work without any distraction.

VOCABULARY

 Loner (noun) – a person that prefers not to associate with others.

Eg: Shyam was a loner.

Soothing (adj) – having a gently calming effect.

Eg: She was listening to a soothing music.

Nap (verb) – sleep lightly or briefly, especially during the day.

Eg: She usually takes a nap during the afternoons.

Distraction (noun) – a thing that prevents someone from concentrating on something else.

Eg: Sita did not do well in exams, because she had many distractions.

• Have you ever seen wild animals before?
• Which wild animals do you like the most?
• Do you like to go to the zoo?

1. Have you ever seen wild animals before?

 Well, I remember having gone to a zoo when I was in the 11th grade. We opted for a lion safari. It was pretty scary as one of the lions pounced on the front and back of our van.

2. Which wild animals do you like the most?

 I admire tigers. I like watching them hunting for their prey in National Geographic. Apart from that I love their eyes. They have beautiful eyes that glitter at night.

3. Do you like to go to the zoo?

 Yes, I would love to. It is such a hilarious sight to watch a monkey pick louse from another monkey. I also enjoy watching the elephants bathe, observing cheetahs and tigers growl in their cages.

VOCABULARY

 Zoo (noun) – an establishment which maintains a collection of wild animals, typically in a park or gardens, for study, conservation, or display to the public.

Eg: Tom took his kids to the zoo.

Safari (noun) – It can be defined as a forest trail, except that instead of walking, hiking or trekking, you have also got the options of exploring the forest regions via a jeep.

Eg: We watched the lions in the safety of a Safari.

Prey (noun) – an animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.

Eg: The Lion pounced on its prey.

Cage (noun) – a structure of bars or wires in which birds or other animals are confined.

Eg: She kept parrots in a cage.

• When was the last time you laughed?
• Do you like watching funny programs on TV?
• Do you like to make people laugh?
• Do you think it is important for friends to laugh together?

1. When was the last time you laughed?

It was at my college farewell party. There was a comedy show organized to entertain us. The show was too good and I laughed out loud, too loud, I guess. I came back to my senses when I noticed people staring at me.

2. Do you like watching funny programmes on TV?

 Who doesn’t enjoy watching them? I love to watch such programmes as they make you forget your worries.

3. Do you like to make people laugh?

 Yes, I love to. People usually say that I’m gifted with a good sense of humour. It dilutes the intensity of a tough situation and makes you think out of the box.

4. Do you think it is important for friends to laugh together?

 Laughter is a medicine. You definitely need those light hearted moments with your friends. It feels wonderful to let go of the tension in the mind and enjoy yourself with friends.

VOCABULARY

 Comedy (noun) – professional entertainment consisting of jokes and sketches, intended to make an audience laugh.

Eg: She spent a lot on Comedy shows.

Worries (noun) – the state of being anxious and troubled over actual or potential problems.

Eg: She was always in a constant state of worry.

Humour (noun) – the quality of being amusing or comic, especially as expressed in literature or speech.

Eg: Dick had a good sense of humour.

Light hearted (adj) – amusing and entertaining.

Eg: He met his old friends and had a light hearted chat

• Do you like eating cakes?
• Have you ever made a cake?
• Do you like having desserts?
• What desserts are popular in your country?

1. Do you like eating cakes?

 Well, I have a sweet tooth. I relish chocolate cakes. Chocolate truffles are my favourite.

2. Have you ever made a cake?

 Yes. I have made cake on a stove. I put all my creativity into it. I sprinkled dried fruits, almond kernels and pistachios into the batter and the chocolate cake tasted just great!

3. Do you like having desserts?

 Be it a cake or ice cream or some traditional recipe, I would like to try them all. I would call it the best part of the meal.

4. What desserts are popular in your country?

 Cookies, pastries, candies, cakes and what not! People in my country don’t hesitate to try out anything sugary.

VOCABULARY

 Sweet tooth (noun) – a great liking for sweet-tasting foods.

Eg: His grandfather had a sweet tooth.

Relish ( verb) – enjoy greatly.

Eg: She relished the sweet spaghetti sauce.

Pastries (noun) – a dough of flour, fat, and water, used as a base and covering in baked dishes such as pies.

Eg: Please spread the gratings over the pastry.

Candies (noun) – sweets; confectionery.

Eg: She put a candy into her mouth.

• What helps you concentrate?
• What stops you from concentrating?
• What do you do when you can’t concentrate?

1. What helps you concentrate?

 When I’m doing some important work, I switch off my mobile phone. This helps me to focus more on what I’m doing. Of late, I have been doing Yoga, which helps me greatly.

2. What stops you from concentrating?

 Lack of good sleep and multitasking. If I sleep less, I won’t be able to concentrate the next morning. If too many things are spinning at a time, it is difficult to focus.

3. What do you do when you can’t concentrate?

 I try to put off my mobile phones, close the email tab in my browser and wear headphones so that other noises don’t distract me. I also make a mini priority list on my own. This helps me to complete things in order. The more I complete, the more confident I become.

VOCABULARY

 Focus (verb) – pay particular attention to.

Eg: The Biology teacher focused more on cockroaches.

Yoga (noun) – a Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, a part of which, including breath control, simple meditation, and the adoption of specific bodily postures, is widely practised for health and relaxation.

Eg: She attended the yoga classes without fail.

Multitasking (verb) – (of a person) deal with more than one task at the same time.

Eg: Harry was not good at multitasking.

Headphones (noun) – a pair of earphones joined by a band placed over the head, for listening to audio signals such as music or speech.

Eg: I was listening to Beethoven through my headphones.

• In your country, are there many places to see beautiful scenery?
• Do you like to visit places with beautiful views when you are travelling?
• Do you like to take pictures of beautiful scenery?

1. In your country, are there many places to see beautiful scenery?

 We have enough scenic places in India. We have the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and the Himalayas to name a few. There are umpty number of falls and rivers and many other exotic places being discovered every day.

2. Do you like to visit places with beautiful views when you are travelling?

 Yes, I do. Whenever I come across any breathtaking scenery I stop by. Otherwise I just witness the sun and the moon, enjoying their different variants of light from morning to night.

3. Do you like to take pictures of beautiful scenery?

 Yes, of course. I want to capture every single moment I enjoy. Because you never know if you will get to see it once again. For instance, you see pink clouds this moment and the next moment they turn orange. Nature is very playful. You ought to carefully record it, else you will miss it forever.

VOCABULARY

 Ghats (noun) – (in South Asia) a mountain pass.

Eg: He did not drive well in the ghat section.

Waterfalls (noun) – a cascade of water falling from a height, formed when a river or stream flows over a precipice or steep incline.

Eg: There is a waterfalls next to the village.

Breathtaking (adj) – astonishing or awe-inspiring in quality, so as to take one’s breath away

Eg: The Himalayas are a breathtaking beauty.

Clouds (noun) – a visible mass of condensed watery vapour floating in the atmosphere, typically high above the general level of the ground.

Eg: The moon was hidden by dark clouds.

• Do you like history?
• Did you enjoy learning history when you were a child?
• When was the last time you read about history?
• Do you think history is important?

1. Do you like history?

 I love History. Learning about the past fascinates me, to this day. I not only read it in books, but make sure I visit those places in person. For instance, I toured Hassan near Karnataka in my 7th grade after having read about it in my sixth grade. I have a long list of such places to go.

2. Did you enjoy learning history when you were a child?

 I did. It was inspirational to learn about warriors, patriotic when learning about freedom fighters, intriguing when learning about Mughals and the British. I was once given a task to find out why Indians could easily accept Mughals as rulers and not the British. I loved such interesting assignments.

3. When was the last time you read about history?

 Well, it was a year ago when someone gave me the book “White Mughals” as a gift. I was impressed about the way the culture got mingled between the leading characters in the book, one of whom is English and the other a Muslim.

4. Do you think history is important?

 Yes, it is important. I go by the opinion of Machiavelli that whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past. We also get a chance to learn from the mistakes of our ancestors.

VOCABULARY

 Warriors (noun) – (especially in former times) a brave or experienced soldier or fighter.

Eg: Chatrapti Shivaji was a true warrior.

Patriotic (adj) – having or expressing devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country.

Eg: The cricket match will be watched by a patriotic crowd.

Culture (noun) – the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society.

Eg: Westerners have great respect for Indian culture.

Ancestors (noun) – a person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.

Eg: It was because of the hard work of his ancestors that he is rich now.

• Do you like coffee or tea?
• Do you remember when you drank coffee/tea for the first time?
• Do you offer coffee and tea to visitors when they come to your home?
• What are the benefits of drinking coffee or tea?

1. Do you like coffee or tea?

 Day breaks in most south Indian homes with a hot cup of filter coffee. I love to wake up to the strong aroma of coffee. I believe it gives the whole energy needed for the day.

2. Do you remember when you drank coffee/tea for the first time?

 India is a tropical country. So, we have coffee farms in abundance. Coffee is like water for us. So, we start drinking coffee, right from our childhood. And I’m no exception. I don’t remember much when I first had it.

3. Do you offer coffee and tea to visitors when they come to your home?

 Well, if they are complete strangers, I check out what they prefer. Otherwise, I always offer them a hot cup of coffee.

4. What are the benefits of drinking coffee or tea?

 Well, Coffee contains caffeine and tea contains theobromine. Both are good if taken in moderation. Addiction to either of them will yield adverse results.

VOCABULARY

 Aroma (noun) – a distinctive, typically pleasant smell.

Eg: It was an inviting aroma of roses.

Caffeine (noun) – an alkaloid compound which is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.

Eg: Some are of the opinion that caffeine fights cancer.

Theobromine (noun) – a bitter, volatile compound obtained from cacao seeds. It is an alkaloid resembling caffeine in its physiological effects.

Eg: Some fear that high levels of theobromine are toxic.

Addiction (noun) – the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance or activity.

Eg: Drug addiction is dangerous.

• How many hours do you sleep every day (or every night)?
• Do you think it’s good to have a nap during the day?
• Do you think old people need more sleep than young people?
• Have your sleeping habits changed since you were younger?

1. How many hours do you sleep every day (or every night)?

 Usually I sleep around 7-8 hours every day. But if I have deadlines to meet, I go to bed at odd hours and barely get 4-5 hours of sleep.

2. Do you think it’s good to have a nap during the day?

 Yes. Japanese companies allow their employees to take a power nap and they have proved it to be beneficial.

3. Do you think old people need more sleep than young people?

 I think old people can manage with a minimum amount of sleep. In general, the amount of sleep decreases as you get older. Old people usually take pills to fall asleep. But it also varies from person to person.

4. Have your sleeping habits changed since you were younger?

 Yes, it has changed drastically. When I was young, I used to sleep for 12 hours. But as I grew older, it decreased. Nowadays, it depends on the extent of my exhaustion. Sometimes I do sleep for 9 hours.

VOCABULARY

 Odd hours (adj phrase) – Unusual hours

Eg: He world at odd hours sometimes.

Power nap (noun) – a short sleep taken during the working day in order to restore one’s mental alertness

Eg: He got permission from his Boss to take a power nap in the afternoon.

Pills (noun) – a small round mass of solid medicine for swallowing whole.

Eg: You should not get addicted to sleeping pills.

Exhaustion (noun) – a state of extreme physical or mental tiredness.

Eg: Jane grew pale with exhaustion.

• Do you have a lot of friends?
• What do you do with your friends?
• Is it important to have a lot of friends?
• What do you think makes good friends?
• Do you keep in contact with friends from your childhood?
• What kinds of people do you like to make friends with?
• Do you think you are a good friend to others?

1. Do you have a lot of friends?

 Not lots. But I do have some close ones. I had many friends when I was in school. As you get old, it is difficult to find people with common interests. So, I’m quite happy that I managed to get close, at least to a few.

2. What do you do with your friends?

We often get to meet. One of my friends is an artist and she conducts an art exhibition every now and then. Another friend of mine runs a cookery class. She also hosts cookery shows on TV. Sometimes, she invites us to participate in her shows.

3. Is it important to have a lot of friends?

 It is important to have friends but the number does not matter. Friendships make our lives delightful. They add more meaning to our life.

4. What do you think makes good friends?

(Answer) Well, there are some specific attributes that make good friends.

(Give a reason for your answer) To me, a good friend should be dependable and sincere who is always willing to do stupid things with you and give you a lot of motivation to overcome fierce times. I usually don’t get on well with over-sensitive or complicated people.

5. Do you keep in contact with friends from your childhood?

 (Answer) To be honest, I don’t stay in touch with a lot of my childhood friends.

(Give a reason for your answer) I’m quite an introvert and somehow prudent in relationships, so I just talk to one old friend, Phuong Chau, in whom I can confide. We have known each other since primary school and maintained this special bond till now.

6. What kinds of people do you like to make friends with?

 (Answer) I like people who are honest with themselves and others and not pretentious.

Besides, I’m also attracted to those who share a good rapport with everyone but at the same time don’t get afraid to take a stand, who handle stressful situations with humor, who have self-respect but no ego and are willing to explore the world around them.

7. Do you think you are a good friend to others?

(Answer) Well, I hope so.

(Give a reason for your answer) From my perspective, good friends are especially important during times of crisis and turbulence. When my friends go through a hard time, they never fail to cheer me up and help sail me through both emotional and academic setbacks.

VOCABULARY

Common interests (adj phrase) – A shared interest in a specific subject that brings people together to form a community; it structures interaction and exchange within that community.

Eg: Ashley and David shared common interests.

Friendship (noun) – the emotions or conduct of friends; the state of being friends.

Eg: He revived his old friendships through facebook.

Artist (noun) – a person who creates paintings or drawings as a profession or hobby.

Eg : Mira was an artist.

Delightful (adj) – causing great pleasure.

Eg: It was a delightful conversation.

• What kind of housing/accommodation do you live in?
• Who do you live with?
• How long have you lived there?
• What’s the difference between where you are living now and where you have lived in the past?
• Do you plan to live there for a long time?
• Which room does your family spend most of the time in?
• Are the transport facilities to your home very good?
• Do you prefer living in a house or a flat?
• Please describe the room you live
• What part of your home do you like the most?

1. What kind of housing/accommodation do you live in?

I live in a terraced house that has a living room, a kitchen, three bed rooms, two bathrooms and a lovely back garden. It’s not really a spacious house, but it’s just right for me and my family.

2. Who do you live with?

I live with my parents and my siblings. We always get on well with each other and have a lot of fun.

3. How long have you lived there?

I’ve lived there since I was a child, until I graduated from high school and moved to the city to enroll at university, where I lived in a student dormitory during the semester. (If you answer you haven’t lived there long)

4. What’s the difference between where you are living now and where you have lived in the past?

Living in a dorm with other roommates is totally different from living in my own house. My current residential area is quite small and it’s very noisy because there are a lot of people there and I don’t have my own space. Conversely, when I was living at home, I had my own spacious room and it made me feel comfortable.

5. Do you plan to live there for a long time?

To be honest, I intend to buy an apartment in an urban area after I graduate from university.I can decorate and design my ideal home with whatever facilities I want.

6. Which room does your family spend most of the time in?

It’s definitely the kitchen. Not only lunch or dinner time but all our family reunions take place in the kitchen where all the family members get together to eat tasty meals, and chat to each other – it’s a really harmonious atmosphere.

7. Are the transport facilities to your home very good?

To be honest, most of the transport facilities to my place are not very modern. The bus service from my work place to home is irregular and usually overcrowded.

8. Do you prefer living in a house or a flat?

I prefer living in a house to a flat because I value my privacy and need my own space. Owning an independent house, I can plan and design a house layout to suit myself. Moreover, I can modify a house according to the size of the family.

9. Please describe the room you live in.

My current room is actually more like a bedsit. It is a multi – purpose room, I use it to sleep and study as well. It is painted in pink, that’s my favourite colour with a bed, a cupboard and desk. It’s not really spacious but it’s just right for me.

10. What part of your home do you like the most?

I prefer my bedroom most due to its convenience and privacy. Because of my stressful work I want to be in a quiet place and concentrate on my work. In my own room, I’m never disturbed by anyone else. Moreover, in my own space I can do whatever I want without bothering others.

VOCABULARY

Terraced house (noun): a house connected on both sides by other properties

Ex: In England, most people seem to live in terraced houses with lovely back gardens.

Back garden (noun phrase): a garden at the rear of the house.

Ex: I live in a terraced house that has a living room, a kitchen, three bed rooms, two bathrooms and a lovely back garden.

Spacious (adjective): (of a room or building) large and with plenty of space for people to move around in

Ex: The hotel rooms are spacious and comfortable.

Sibling(s) (noun): a brother or sister

Ex: The younger children were badly treated by older siblings.

Get on well with somebody (phrasal verb): to have a friendly relationship with somebody Ex: She and her sister have never really got on well with each other.

Dormitory (noun): a room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other institution

Ex: I’ve lived there since I was a child, until I graduated high school and moved to the city to enroll in university where I lived in a dormitory.

Residential area (noun): (of an area of a town) suitable for living in; consisting of houses rather than factories or offices

Ex: It was not safe to locate the chemicals factory in a residential area.

Urban area (noun): connected with a town or city

Ex: Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.

Reunion (noun): a social occasion or party attended by a group of people who have not seen each other for a long time

Ex: The College has an annual reunion for former students.

Harmonious (adjective): friendly, peaceful and without any disagreement

Ex: It is important to have harmonious relations between the country’s ethnic groups.

Irregular (adjective): not happening at the arranged time intervals

Ex: His irregular attendance at school resulted in his failure in the final exams.

Overcrowded (adjective): with too many people or things in it

Ex: The train was so overcrowded this evening that I was unable to find an empty seat.

Privacy (noun): being alone and not disturbed by other people

Ex: I read the letter in the privacy of my own room.

Suit oneself (verb): to do exactly what you like/want

Ex: Everyone had a different opinion about what colour to paint my room, so in the end I decided to just suit myself.

Modify (verb): to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purpose

Ex: We found it cheaper to modify the existing equipment rather than buy new.

Bedsit (noun): a room that a person rents and uses for both living and sleeping in

Ex: He lives in a tiny student bedsit used for both sleeping and studying.

Multi-purpose (adjective): having many different uses

Ex: This room is multi-purpose – we use it for meetings, interviews and taking breaks.

• Describe your education
• What is your area of specialization?
• Why did you choose to study that major?
• Do you like your major? (Why? /Why not?)
• What kind of school did you go to as a child?
• What was your favourite subject as a child?
• Do you think your country has an effective education system?
• (Possibly) Are you looking forward to working?

1. Describe your education

I started primary school when I was 7. 5 years later, I went to secondary school at 12. Then at 16, I made it to a high school for gifted students in my hometown. In my country, highschool education lasts 3 years, then I went onto higher education at the Foreign Trade University where I’m currently studying economics.

2. What is your area of specialization?

Well, my major is External Economics. I have mastered the basics of economics and socioeconomics, combined with business knowledge mainly related to the import and export business.

3. Why did you choose to study that major?

I think it would help to fulfil my dream of introducing my country’s agricultural products to the world. Iranian goods have a real potential, but they still struggle to make a name for themselves, you know.

4. Do you like your major? (Why? /Why not?)

Yes, of course. Studying economics, especially external economics is interesting and practical. It helps me to keep up with current affairs and it improves my analytical and problem-solving skills as well.

5. What kind of school did you go to as a child?

As a child, I attended a public elementary school. It’s quite a big school in my hometown which provides both high quality education and a supportive environment, so I think I was quite lucky.

6. What was your favourite subject as a child?

Well, I used to be very passionate about drawing when I was a little girl. It was fun to work with brushes and colors, you know, as it was the time when I could indulge in my own creative world.

7. Do you think your country has an effective education system?

To be honest, I don’t think so. Our system has somehow become unduly stressful, does not promote creativity and the ability to be critical due to the fact that our society still cares way too much about grades and schools consequently focuses on an exam-driven curriculum, which I find quite impractical.

8. (Possibly) Are you looking forward to working?

Absolutely! It’s great to join the workforce, especially when I can do the job I love. Not only will it pay the bills, but it’ll also give me the joy of making a contribution. It’s hard to be happy and fulfilled without working, you know.

VOCABULARY

Higher education [n] post-18 learning that take places at universities

Example: According to a research, nearly 50 percent of Iranian students in U.S. higher education are studying either business or engineering, with business-related majors making up 38 percent of all enrolments in 2012/13.

Master [v] learn how to do something well

Example:  She lived in Italy for several years but never quite mastered the language.

Make a name for oneself  [idiom] become famous and respected  by  a lot of people

Example: By the time he was thirty-five, he had made a name for himself as a successful railway contractor.

Keep up with [idiom] be aware of

Example: Even though he’s been travelling, he’s kept up with what’s going on back home.

Analytical [adj] using analysis or logical reasoning

Example: Analytical skills are essential in the workplace to ensure necessary problem solving occurs to keep productivity and other areas of the workforce functioning smoothly.

Elementary school [n] primary school, school for children between 7-11 years old (in Iran) Example: It’s essential that children at the official entry age for elementary school attend classes fully.

Unduly [adj] excessively/ to a level that more than is necessary, acceptable, or reasonable

Example: For every new parent, the decision about whether to vaccinate his or her child has been unduly stressful

Exam-driven curriculum [expression] the courses taught a school, college, which focus on teaching what will be on the exam

Example: Many parents believe that exam-driven curriculum can change their kid’s attitude towards school in profoundly negative ways.

Pay the bills [ idioms] provide enough income to sustain one’s lifestyle

Example: Being a dentist isn’t so glamorous, but it pays the bills.

• What do you do?
• What are your responsibilities?
• Why did you choose to do that type of work (or, that job)?
• Is there some other kind of work you would rather do?
• Describe the company or organization you work for
• Do you enjoy your work?
• What do you like about your job?
• What do you dislike about your job?
• (Possibly)Do you miss being a student?

1. What do you do?

I’m currently working as a graphic designer for a fashion magazine for youngsters

2. What are your responsibilities?

Well I’m mainly responsible for designing the cover of the magazine. I normally work with the concept team to make sure that the final product will both attract the potential buyer’s attention and express the theme of the magazine.

3. Why did you choose to do that type of work (or, that job)?

I guess it’s because of my artistic passion. The process of creating beautiful things is somehow intriguing to me, so I chose to be a graphic designer, which combines both art and technology. It’s quite interesting, you know.

4. Is there some other kind of work you would rather do?

Well, if possible, I’d like to be a freelance writer. Actually, I’m a big fan of action movies, and I also care about healthy living, so, I’d love to write about these topics and share my stories with people of the same interest.

5. Describe the company or organization you work for

My company is not huge, it’s just a small art designoffice, but is definitely an inspirational workplace with a young, creative, and extremely passionate team. We work on the basis of mutual understanding and respect for each other, so it’s kind of an ideal environment for me.

6. Do you enjoy your work?

Most of the time. It’s rewarding to co-work on projects with amazing people in an open and supportive environment to bring out an art production that will ultimately give me a sense of satisfaction and pride.

7. What do you like about your job?

Well, the perk of being a graphic designer is that you’ll surround yourself with inspiring images

every day. My daily working life involves seeking out inspiration in all sorts of places,

researching incredible illustrations and graphics, and creating them too. It’s great, I think.

8. What do you dislike about your job?

What I don’t like about this job is that our personal taste in design varies, and normally I’ll have to do a thousand edits to get the final product that meets the demand of my boss while still * relating / staying faithful to /remaining true to the initial concept.

* conform means ‘to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected

by a group or society’ – this does not relate to things like ‘concepts’.

9. (Possibly)Do you miss being a student?

Sometimes, when I’m burdened with heavy workloads or the pressure of everyday life, I recall the memories of being a student. We were all carefree and innocent back then. It’s a precious time that I cherish.

VOCABULARY

theme [n] the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc.

Example: The father-daughter relationship is a recurring theme in her novels.

Intriguing [adj] very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious

Example: The Huns are intriguing not only because of their notoriously hawkish history, but also because of their place as middlemen between Mongol and Turkic ethnicity

On the basis of [idiom] base on

Example: Discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age or disability is not allowed.

Rewarding [adj] giving pleasure, satisfaction

Example: The most rewarding aspect of living forever is you have unlimited time to perfect your abilities and accumulate wealth.

Ultimately [adv] at the end of a process, period of time, etc.

Example: Everything will ultimately depend on what is said at the meeting with the directors next week.

Perk [n] an advantage or something extra that you are given because of your job

Example: A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job.

Conform (to something) [v] obey the rule or reach the necessary stated standard

Example: Before buying the baby’s car seat, make sure that it conforms to the official safety standards.

Cherish [v] keep hopes, memories in your mind because they are important to you and bring you pleasure

Example: I cherish the memories of the time we spent together.

• What’s (the name of) your hometown?
• Is that a big city or a small place?
• How long have you been living there?
• Do you like your hometown?
• Is there anything you dislike about it?
• What do you like(most) about your hometown?
• Do you think you will continue living there for a long time?

1. What’s (the name of) your hometown?

 I’m from Kerman, which is a city in central Iran. Talking about Hue, people immediately think of the capitals, golden palaces, temples, shrines, and gorgeous dancing stage, majestic tombs, and ancient meditative landscapes.

2. Is that a big city or a small place?

 Well, the city is quite small as compared to the vast cities and provinces in my country. Hue city covers just about 70.5 square kilometers, with a total population of roughly 360,000 people.

3. How long have you been living there?

 I have been living there ever since I was born, which is 19 years until now. It is a relatively long

period of time, so I’m really attached to this quiet, tranquil city.

4. Do you like your hometown?

 (Answer) Yes, absolutely. (Give a reason for your answer) Hue an area of outstanding natural beauty and for me is one of the most beautiful places on earth. It has everything; historical sites, fantastic beaches, rolling mountains, dense forests and picturesque countryside, extraordinary cuisine and hospitable people.

5. Is there anything you dislike about it?

 The sole thing that I dislike about the city is probably the weather. In Hue, it invariably rains from September to December, which somehow adds up to the blue atmosphere of the city. Sometimes, when the rain is so heavy and persistent the city even floods.

6. What do you like(most) about your hometown?

 The greatest appeal of Hue city, to my thinking, is its diversity of cuisine, which makes it well- known domestically and even internationally. Hue culinary traditions demand that meals must be presented aesthetically, harmonizing food elements, decorations and colors to create a gastronomic work of art.

7. Do you think you will continue living there for a long time?

(Answer) Actually I’m not quite sure about that. (Give a reason for your answer) As I’m planning to study abroad, I may have to live far away from my hometown for a certain amount of time. However, if possible, I still want to settle down in this beautiful, peaceful city.

Vocabulary:

majestic [adj]: beautiful, powerful, or causing great admiration and respect.

Eg: The majestic Montana scenery will leave you breathless.

vast [adj]: extremely large.

Eg: Navigation across vast stretches of open water was no longer merely as daunting.

roughly [adv]: approximately.

Eg: There has been an increase of roughly 2.25 million.

relatively [adv]: true to a particular degree when compared with other things.

Eg: Sales was relatively low last summer.

(be) attached to [adj]: to like someone or something very much, because you have known them or had them for a long time.

Eg: Regular babysitters can become deeply attached to the children they take care of.

outstanding [adj]: clearly very much better than what is usual.

Eg: Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world.

picturesque [adj]: (esp. of a place) attractive in appearance.

Eg: The city is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate.

invariably [adv]: always (in a negative way).

Eg: High blood pressure is almost invariably accompanied by high blood cholesterol.

persistent [adj]: lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of.

Eg: Symptoms of the illness include a high temperature and a persistent dry cough.

harmonize [v]: to bring ideas, feelings, or actions into agreement, or to be a pleasing combination of different parts.

Eg: We need to harmonize the different approaches into a unified plan.

gastronomic[adj]: relating to the preparation and consumption (= eating) of good food.

Eg: This dish is a gastronomic delight.

settle down [v]: to start living in a place where you intend to stay for a long time, usually with your partner.

Eg: Hung settled down after his marriage.

• Do you wear jeans?
• How often do you wear jeans?
• Do you like wearing jeans, why?
• Why do you think jeans are popular?

1. Do you wear jeans?

 (Answer) Yes, I do. (Give a reason for your answer) I usually wear jeans made with stretch fabric, because I am always chasing comfort and ease of movement. I can’t stand feeling trapped in my clothes. Always be comfortable so your light can shine.

2. How often do you wear jeans?

 (Answer) On a daily basis, I guess. (Give a reason for your answer) I wear jeans with commitment and obsession. I really give them a workout. I tend to choose a pair that I like, then wear them every single day, until

they feel like an extension of my body. I just can’t break the habit of choosing jeans as my main outfit of the day.

3. Do you like wearing jeans, why?

 (Answer) Yes, I do love wearing jeans a lot. (Give a reason for your answer) I wear jeans because they are convenient. They go with everything, and are perfectly versatile. I travel often, and I like to pack light, so jeans are a great staple for mixing and matching.

4.Why do you think jeans are popular? (Answer)  The reasons are

(Give a reason for your answer) Jeans stand out as a preferable option for many people because they are durable, both in style and in utility. Besides, they’re neutral, while also showing allegiance to a classic, functional aesthetic.

Vocabulary:

fabric [n]: cloth or material for making clothes, covering furniture, etc.

Eg: The fibres are woven into fabric.

can’t stand + V-ing [expression]: used to say that you do not like someone or something at all, or that you think that something is extremely unpleasant:

Eg: Lily can’t stand working in an office.

commitment [n]: a promise or firm decision to do something.

Eg: Players must make a commitment to play for a full season.

obsession [n]: something or someone that you think about all the time.

Eg: He has an obsession with cleanliness.

break the habit of [expression]: to stop doing a routine action or activity.

Eg: I struggled to break the habit of biting my nails, but getting regular manicures helped.

versatile [adj]: able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes.

Eg: He’s a very versatile young actor who’s as happy in highbrow dramas as he is in TV comedies.

staple [n]: a main product or part of something.

Eg: Phosphate has been a staple of this area for many years.

preferable [adj]: better or more suitable.

Eg: Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war.

durable [adj]: able to last a long time without becoming damaged.

Eg: The machines have to be made of durable materials.

neutral [adj]: having features or characteristics that are not easily noticed.

Eg: wants dark red walls, but I’d like a more neutral colour like cream.

• Has your voice ever changed?
• Do you enjoy recording your voice and listening to it?
• Do you like your own voice?
• Does your voice sound familiar to your parents?

1. Has your voice ever changed?

 (Answer) Yes, it actually changes most often when I come down with serious flu. (Give a reason for your answer) When I’m sick with a cold or flu, the acute laryngitis leads to my temporary hoarseness. I think it causes swelling that alters the way my vocal cords vibrate, making me sound deeper and huskier.

2. Do you enjoy recording your voice and listening to it?

 (Answer) I guess the answer is no. (Give a reason for your answer) The tone of my voice is pretty “soft” and “mature” when I speak in person. But, when I’m on the phone, the sound of my voice shifts into a ridiculous childish tone. I assume that most people in fact don’t like their voice when they hear it played back from a recording, because it’s not the same voice they hear in their head.

3. Do you like your own voice?

 (Answer) Well, it’s always weird to hear myself recorded, but I don’t dislike my voice. (Give a reason for your answer) It’s comparatively low and resonant for a girl and you can definitely hear me in a room. I have always wanted a higher pitched voice but since many have told me that I have a wonderful pitch, I changed my opinion about it.

4. Does your voice sound familiar to your parents?

 (Answer) Well, many people told me that my mom and I shared some similar traits in terms of voice.

(Give a reason for your answer) I think my voice is the perfect combination between that of

my mom and dad, and I’m content with it.

Vocabulary:

 come down with [expression]: to start to suffer from an illness, especially one that is not serious.

Eg: I think I’m coming down with the flu.

laryngitis [n]: a painful swelling of the larynx, usually caused by an infection.

Eg: Carol’s flu developed into laryngitis.

temporary [adj]: not lasting or needed for very long.

Eg: The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis.

mature [adj]: mature people behave like adults in a way that shows they are well developed emotionally.

Eg: He’s very mature for his age.

ridiculous [adj]: stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at.

Eg: Most advertisements of this product sound ridiculous.

comparatively [adv]: as compared to something else.

Eg: The test is comparatively easy for most of us.

resonant [adj]: clear and loud, or causing sounds to be clear and loud.

Eg: Huy has a deep, resonant voice.

similar [adj]: looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same.

Eg: My father and I have similar views on politics.

combination [n]: the mixture you get when two or more things are combined.

Eg: A combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep.

contented [adj]: happy and satisfied.

Eg: He won’t be content until he’s upset everyone in the office.

• What is your favourite movie?
• Do your friends like this movie?
• What kinds of movies do you think young people like?
• Do you want to be a movie star?

1. What is your favourite movie?

 (Answer) Well, I am an avid movie fan, and my favourite movie is Parasite, a 2019 South Korean black comedy thriller film directed by Bong Joon-ho.

(Give a reason for your answer) It received widespread critical acclaim and won the Palme d’Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first Korean film to receive the award.

2. Do your friends like this movie?

(Answer) Well, it was actually my close friends who introduced me to this movie, and we watched it together in the cinema right on the day it premiered.

(Give a reason for your answer) We both shared an immense love for movies with exotic themes and twisting plots, as these excited our curiosity. As expected, Parasite is generally gripping and finely crafted, which left an unforgettable impression on us.

3. What kinds of movies do you think young people like?

 (Answer) Well, Action and Comedy are possibly the most popular genres of films among youngsters.

(Explain your reason or reasons) The young will feel relaxed or genuinely interested in these styles of film. I also think that movies which depict real life stories or have an unpredictable plot also capture the attention of those of a younger age.

4. Do you want to be a movie star?

 (Answer) Well, not really.

(Give a reason for your answer) I do not have any particular talent for acting, singing, or dancing. Besides, I value privacy, but being an actor means you are constantly surrounded with paparazzi and public attention. I just can’t imagine having that kind of life.

Vocabulary:

avid [n]: extremely eager or interested.

Eg: He took an avid interest in the project.

acclaim [n]: public approval and praise.

Eg: Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well.

premiere [v]: if a show, film, etc. premieres or if it is premiered, the first public performance or showing takes place.

Eg: The play premiered in New York.

immense [adj]: extremely large in size or degree.

Eg: They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.

gripping [adj]: something that is gripping is so interesting or exciting that it holds your attention completely.

Eg: I found the book so gripping that I couldn’t put it down.

genre [n]: a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics.

Eg: What genre does the book fall into – comedy or tragedy?

genuinely [adv]: really and sincerely.

Eg: I’m genuinely sorry for what I said.

unpredictable [adj]: likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able to be predicted (= expected before it happens) or depended on.

Eg: The weather there can be unpredictable – one minute it’s blue skies and the next minute it’s pouring rain.

capture one’s attention [expression]: to interest someone.

Eg: Most of the textbooks we looked at were too dull to capture students’ attention.

particular [adj]: special, or this and not any other.

Eg: In the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.

• Why do some people throw garbage on the street?
• What do you do with garbage when you are on the street?
• How do you feel when you see people throw garbage on the street?
• Do you think your city is clean or not?

1. Why do some people throw garbage on the street?

Personally, I think the primary reason why people drop litter on the street is because of their ignorance in keeping the street clean. There are even some trash bins but people still throw garbage somewhere else.

2. What do you do with garbage when you are on the street?

Well, I would just pick it up and throw it into a trash bin. It doesn’t cost me anything to do that and I can even make an influence on other people to do the same.

3. How do you feel when you see people throw garbage on the street?

To be honest, it really pisses me off to see a person litter the street. If I were that person, I would feel ashamed because of what I did.

4. Do you think your city is clean or not?

Not really. There are some places that are heavily contaminated with chemical waste because of the existence of industrial zones, however; our local authorities are really working on this issue to help make the city clean by raising awareness among citizens and imposing stricter laws.

• Do you use perfume?
• What kind of perfume do you like?
• What does perfume mean to you?
• Do you give perfume as a gift?

1. Do you use perfume?

(Answer) Yes, I do, but not very often.

(Give a reason for your answer) I try not to wear perfume around people who might have a sensitivity to it. I know a few people who get a headache when they’re around people wearing fragrances, so if I’m not sure I just don’t. But there is no doubt that perfumes can be a woman’s best friend at certain times. It is an effective method to capture attention or form a good impression.

2. What kind of perfume do you like?

(Answer) I am not a perfume enthusiast, so I don’t possess many kinds of perfume. I received a bottle from Zara as a gift and I use it sparingly, whenever on special occasions. It just makes me feel bold yet airy and comfortable. I can detect hints of vanilla and cinnamon and a top note of orange gives this a nice citrusy twist but it is by no means a fruity scent.

3. What does perfume mean to you?

(Answer) Fragrance or perfume, is evocative of an innumerable amount of things; memories, places, people, the list goes on. There’s always one particular scent that reminds you of a perfect holiday you took last summer or of your lovely ex-boyfriend. And the same goes for the perfume that makes you feel sexy; your ‘going out’ perfume and even your ‘everyday’ perfume will conjure up some memories of people and places, and good times.

4. Do you give perfume as a gift?

 (Answer) Well, not really.

(Give a reason for your answer) I only know some mainstream fragrances and I could hardly guess one’s tastes, so it’s a risky kind of gift most of the time. A perfume could be an option as a gift for our spouse, parents or children and eventually siblings or very close friends. It is an inappropriate present for a colleague, someone we barely know or someone we have work relationships with.

Vocabulary:

 sensitivity [n]: the quality of being easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry: sự nhạy cảm với

Eg: I should have warned you about her sensitivity to criticism.

capture [v]: if something captures your imagination or attention, you feel very interested and excited by it.

Eg: The American drive to land a man on the Moon captured the imagination/attention of the whole world.

sparingly [adv]: in small amounts, or without wasting any.

Eg: There wasn’t enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly.

detect [v]: to notice something that is partly hidden or not clear or to discover something.

Eg: Some sounds cannot be detected by the human ear.

by no means [expression]: not at all.

Eg: It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.

evocative [adj]: making you remember or imagine something pleasant.

Eg: On this model, two or more different symbolic systems can be equally expressive and evocative of genuine religious experience.

conjure up [v]: to make a picture or idea appear in someone’s mind.

Eg: The glittering ceremony conjured up images of Russia’s imperial past.

mainstream [adj]: considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc. that are accepted by most people.

Eg: The story was largely ignored by the mainstream press.

spouse [n]: a person’s husband or wife.

Eg: In 60 percent of the households surveyed both spouses went out to work.

inappropriate [adj]: unsuitable.

Eg: His casual behavior was wholly inappropriate for such a formal occasion.

• How often do you use social networking applications?
• Why do you use social networking applications?
• What are the disadvantages of social networking applications?
• Do you think it is good to make friends online?

1. How often do you use social networking applications?

(Answer) On a daily basis.

(Give a reason for your answer) Browsing on social networking applications is part of my routine. However, I’m trying to resist the temptation to use these applications too frequently, because it takes up quite a large amount of my time.

2. Why do you use social networking applications?

(Answer) For several reasons.

(Give a reason for your answer) I find Facebook particularly useful because it provides a community space to make announcements and share with others. I also dip in and out of Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram – usually in response to notification alerts. Generally, social networking applications help people establish better relationships with their family and friends.

3. What are the disadvantages of social networking applications?

(Answer) Obviously, sharing too much information on social platforms can sometimes put you in trouble and there are privacy concerns also. Social media can also lead to cyberbullying and lead to serious stress, anxiety and depression in heavy users, especially youngsters. Excessive reliance on the Virtual world could diminish a person’s ability to have a face to face conversation.

4. Do you think it is good to make friends online?

(Answer) Well, it depends.

(Give a reason for your answer) While most people feel the need to cement their friendships based on real social interactions, I’m comfortable with talking to people I’ve met online as long as there’s a mutual exchange of ideas. However, I would caution those who seek friends online only because they are socially insecure or lonely. Using online platforms as an avenue for friendship does not solve your problems and it might just make it worse.

Vocabulary:

 on a daily basis [expression]: how often something happens or is done

Eg: Jim goes to school on a daily basis.

temptation [n]: the wish to do or have something that you know you should not do or have.

Eg: As a young actress, she resisted the temptation to move to Hollywood.

particularly [adv]: especially, or more than usual.

Eg: We’re particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or more European languages.

in response to [expression]: to reply something.

Eg: The subject has to select the correct word among four alternatives in response to a question.

establish [v]: to start having a relationship with, or communicating with another person, company, country, or organization.

Eg: There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.

cyber bullying [expression]: cyber bullying is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets.

Eg: 68% of teens agree that cyberbullying is a serious problem.

excessive [adj]: too much.

Eg: Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems.

diminish [v]: to reduce or be reduced in size, importance, or value.

Eg: Investors can diversify their holdings in order to diminish risk.

mutual [adj]: feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to or for each other.

Eg: Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.

avenue [n]: a method or way of doing something.

Eg: China and the United States are exploring avenues of military cooperation.

• Do you think mathematics is important?
• Do you think it is difficult to learn mathematics well?
• Are girls generally good at mathematics?
• Do you often use a calculator?

1. Do you think mathematics is important? (Answer) Yes, of course it

(Give a reason for your answer) Math is incredibly important in our lives and, without realizing it, we use mathematical concepts, as well as the skills we learn from doing math problems, every day. The laws of mathematics govern everything around us, and without a good understanding of them, one can encounter significant problems in life. It encourages deliberate, creative, and systematic thinking.

2. Do you think it is difficult to learn mathematics well? (Answer) Well, it is to a certain

(Give a reason for your answer) Math is so overwhelming for so many students, including myself. Many children nowadays are reported to struggle to grasp math concepts. Math seems quite problematic because most people have learned it in a way that is quite restrictive, and this is mainly the fault of the school system for teaching math.

3. Are girls generally good at mathematics?

(Answer) From my observations and personal experience, they are not at all.

(Give a reason for your answer) Girls tend to have less positive math attitudes: They have higher levels of math anxiety and lower levels of confidence in their math skills. This means even when girls show similar performance levels to boys, they are often less sure of themselves. In general, boys are better at analyzing and thinking critically, thus outperforming their female counterparts in scientific subjects, while girls are better at memorizing and learning languages.

4. Do you often use a calculator? (Answer) Not very

(Give a reason for your answer) As I am an adult now, there is little need to solve complicated calculations. However, I sometimes make use of an online calculator to verify important calculations, which I find quite handy and more reliable.

Vocabulary:

govern [v]: to have a controlling influence on something.

Eg: Prices of goods are governed by the cost of the raw materials, as well as by the cost of production and distribution.

encounter [v]: to experience something, especially something unpleasant.

Eg: The army is reported to be encountering considerable resistance.

systematic [adj]: according to an agreed set of methods or organized plan.

Eg: We’ve got to be more systematic in the way that we approach this task.

grasp [v]: to understand something, especially something difficult.

Eg: I think I managed to grasp the main points of the lecture.

problematic [adj]: full of problems or difficulties.

Eg: Getting everyone there on time might prove problematic.

restrictive [adj]: limiting the freedom of someone or preventing something from growing.

Eg: The college is not able to expand because of restrictive planning laws

analyze [v]: to study something in a systematic and careful way.

Eg: In the article, several experienced diplomats analyzed the president’s foreign policy.

outperform [v]: to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type.

Eg: The company has consistently outperformed its rivals this season.

verify [v]: to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct.

Eg: These numbers are surprisingly high and they’ll have to be verified.

handy [adj]: useful or convenient.

Eg: We found it handy to have a cellular phone.

• Do you like reading?
• What kind of books do you read?
• Do you read electronic books?
• Do you read books related to your profession?

1. Do you like reading?

Definitely. It is one of my hobbies to relieve stress and broaden my knowledge when I have free time.

2. What kind of books do you read?

Well, I’m very into science fiction books, which entertain me a lot, besides giving interesting information.

3. Do you read electronic books?

Not really. I am a big fan of printed books since it provides a less harmful effect on my eyes.

4. Do you read books related to your profession?

Yes, I do. I usually do research about my profession so reading books can help me gain an insight into my field.

VOCABULARY

Relieve stress (verb): chill out.

Example: Going swimming is a good way to relieve stress

Broaden one’s knowledge (verb): : to increase the range of one’s knowledge, understanding, or experience

Example: I think reading books can help me broaden my knowledge.

Science fiction book: fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or time travel and life on other planets.

Example: I am really into science fiction books, which entertain me a lot.

A big fan of something (expression): someone who likes watching or listening to something such as a sport, films, or music very much, or who admires a famous or important person very much

Example: I am a big fan of Adele; I listen to every song of hers.

Printed book: A book is a physical book that has the text, images, etc., printed on paper. Many of the conventions of a print book are used in an ebook – for example, cover, title page, copyright page, table of content, chapters, paragraphs, etc.

Example: They are publishing a printed book after many years.

• Do you like to smile?
• When do people smile at others?
• Do you smile when people take pictures of you?
• Can you recognize a fake smile?

1. Do you like to smile?

(Answer) Yes, most people say that I have a cheerful disposition.

(Give a reason for your answer) I always remind myself that life isn’t simple and it doesn’t come without obstacles, so smiling keeps you always optimistic. As I see it, people with great smiles radiate a warmth that draws others to them instantly.

2. When do people smile at others?

(Answer) People smile for different reasons, in various contexts.

(Give a reason for your answer) Most often, people of all ages will smile when something is giving them pleasure. Sometimes we do smile simply because we are happy, but we also smile for social reasons and to put people at ease, as well as to show more complex emotions, such as resignation.

3. Do you smile when people take pictures of you?

(Answer) Yes, I actually smile all the time. Smiling in pictures makes me look more photogenic and approachable. Besides, I smile to spread happiness. Pictures are clicked to capture and relive the moment. And how do we like to do that? In a happy way! So we smile.

4. Can you recognize a fake smile? (Answer) Yes,

(Give a reason for your answer) When you smile genuinely, there are two kinds of muscles involved in your face. A spontaneous smile of joy has upward and widening movement of the mouth into a broad grin, and movement of the muscle around the eyes. A fake or social smile, controlled by the motor cortex, has only the upward movement of the mouth, it is slower and less symmetric.

Vocabulary:

 disposition [n]: the particular type of character that a person naturally has.

Eg: She is of a nervous/cheerful/sunny disposition.

obstacle [n]: something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult.

Eg: The biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the road.

radiate [v]: to express strongly an emotion or quality, or (of an emotion or quality) to be expressed strongly by someone.

Eg: He simply radiates integrity.

context [n]: the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it.

Eg: It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical context.

at ease [expression]: relaxed.

Eg: She soon put/set me at ease (= made me relaxed).

resignation [n]: a sad feeling of accepting something that you do not like because you cannot easily change it.

Eg: She received the disappointing news with resignation.

photogenic [adj]: having a face that looks attractive in photographs.

Eg: It is the photogenic young man or woman who becomes a political leader— and perhaps we are all the better for that.

capture [v]: if something captures your imagination or attention, you feel very interested and excited by it.

Eg: The American drive to land a man on the Moon captured the imagination/attention of the whole world.

spontaneous [adj]: happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced.

Eg: His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

symmetric [adj]: having similarity in size, shape, and relative position of corresponding parts.

Eg: The structure is completely symmetric

• Do you often visit your relatives?
• What do you do when visiting relatives?
• When was the last time you visited a relative?
• Why do people visit relatives?

1. Do you often visit your relatives? (Answer) Yes, I

(Give a reason for your answer) I like many of my relatives who are very compassionate, lovely and friendly to me and among them I would pick my younger uncle as the best relative in terms of our mutual understanding, closeness and communications.

2. What do you do when visiting relatives? (Answer) There are a lot of

(Give a reason for your answer) We often discuss our family issues, our thoughts on politics, religion, books writers, movies, music and on many other issues. In our big family, we share our books and recommend books to each other. Generally, adults also share heartfelt words to youngsters and advise them on how to behave decently.

3. When was the last time you visited a relative?

 (Answer) Well, it was just last week when I visited my uncle’s family and my grandparents, who reside with him in the countryside. We went for a short walk near the field after breakfast to relax in nature and soak up some much-needed Vitamin D, which is necessary for elderly people.

4. Why do people visit relatives? (Answer) For many reasons, I

(Give a reason for your answer) Simply hanging out with family that you don’t see all the time

is great. You get a chance to catch up with everyone and figure out what they’re doing with their lives. You also get to laugh and just be weird because they don’t judge you for your weirdness. Above all, the memories are the best when you’re with your family sitting around and reminiscing about things that you’ve done together.

Vocabulary:

 compassionate [adj]: showing compassion.

Eg: The public’s response to the crisis appeal was generous and compassionate.

closeness [n]: the quality of knowing someone very well, liking them a lot, and wanting to spend a lot of time together.

Eg: A special closeness is supposed to exist between twins.

politics [n]: the activities of the government, members of law-making organizations, or people who try to influence the way a country is governed.

Eg: After 30 years in politics, our local member of parliament is retiring next year.

heartfelt [adj]: strongly felt and sincere.

Eg: Please accept my heartfelt apologies/thanks.

decently [adv]: in a way that is socially acceptable or good.

Eg: She admitted that she hadn’t always behaved decently.

reside [v]: to live, have your home, or stay in a place.

Eg: The family now resides in southern France.

soak up [v]: to enjoy the effects or experience of something as much as possible.

Eg: I love to lie on the beach and soak up the sun.

necessary [adj]: needed in order to do something.

Eg: The police are prepared to use force, if necessary.

weirdness [n]: the quality of being strange and unusual.

Eg: It’s a comedy which often succeeds in capturing the weirdness of real life.

reminisce [v]: to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure.

Eg: Grandpa likes to reminisce about his years in the navy.

• Do you currently live in a house or a flat/ apartment?
• Are street markets common in your country?
• What is usually sold there?
• Do you think people like street markets? Why?

1. Do you currently live in a house or a flat/ apartment?

Answer: I’m living in an apartment that is fully furnished and has all the mod cons. I share my bedroom with another person, and we have been living there for over one year.

2. Are street markets common in your country?

Answer: Yes. They exist everywhere, and Iranian people go to street markets daily.

3. What is usually sold there?

Answer: Well, you can find trendy clothes at a reasonable price in any street market in Iran.

4. Do you think people like street markets? Why?

Answer: I think people enjoy street markets since they are ideal places to let off steam and bargain with sellers to get a discount.

VOCABULARY:

Fully-furnished (adj): A fully-furnished apartment is one which is equipped with all required items of a household.

Eg: The flat is fully-furnished, therefore, we don’t have to buy anything.

All the mod cons (n): The amenities and appliances characteristic of a well-equipped modern house that contribute to an easier and more comfortable way of life.

Eg: Don’t worry! Our house has all the mod cons, which is very convenient.

On a daily basis (adj): how often something happens or is done

Eg: You should do exercise on a daily basis in order to improve your physical health.

Let off steam (v): To do or say something that helps you to get rid of strong feelings or energy

Eg: We should go for a drink tonight to let off some steam.

Bargain (v): negotiate the terms and conditions of a transaction.

Eg: Bargain hard when you go to Ben Thanh Market; otherwise you may get ripped off.

• Do you like outdoor activities?
• What outdoor activities do you (most) like to do?
• What outdoor sports do you like? (Why?)
• How much time do you spend outdoors every week?
• Do Iranians people go out a lot?
• What (types of) outdoor activities are popular in your country?
• How and where do people in your country usually socialize?

1. Do you like outdoor activities?

Definitely! I think outdoor activities do wonders for our mental and physical health. So, I often spend my leisure time playing sports or taking a walk around the park.

2. What outdoor activities do you (most) like to do?

Well, I enjoy lots of activities like hiking, camping or skateboarding, but I’m particularly keen on cycling, especially in the open countryside. It’s fun, relaxing and easy to do, you know. More than that, biking helps me get energized and ward off feelings of exhaustion.

3. What outdoor sports do you like? (Why?)

I’m really into playing badminton. It’s quite popular in my country, so I can play it with my friends, family members, or next-door neighbours and strengthen the bond with them. Moreover, badminton develops my quick reflexes as well, so I do think it’s a fantastic sport.

4. How much time do you spend outdoors every week?

On average, I guess that I do some outdoor activity 2 or 3 times a week. I normally spend at least one morning per week cycling and take part in some sports or other outdoor activities when I’m free. It’s not so frequent, I know, which is due to my busy schedule, but I always try to arrange as much time as possible for some outdoor exercise.

5. Do Iranian people go out a lot?

It’s kind of hard to say, but people around me tend to spend more time indoors. They’re living a fast-paced lifestyle with most of their time devoted to working, commuting and connecting on social media, so, doing things outdoors doesn’t seem to be a regular or important part of their calendar.

6. What (types of) outdoor activities are popular in your country?

Well, probably jogging and yoga. I’m not sure about this, but in my country, you can easily catch sight of groups of people from all walks of life jogging or doing yoga in the parks every morning or in the evening. So, these may be the most popular outdoor activities, I guess.

7. How and where do people in your country usually socialize?

People in my country nowadays tend to socialize at work or school. Besides, people of my age often meet up and chat in coffee shops or restaurants which are popular and often beautifully designed. At the same time, the older people usually get together in the parks or gather at someone’s home to cook and exchange pleasantries.

Vocabulary

Do wonders (for somebody/something): [expression] have a beneficial effect

Example: Fresh air and exercise do wonders for your health.

Be keen on (expression): liking something/somebody very much; be very interested in something

Ex: He’s mad keen on planes – he has a huge collection of photos of aircraft.

The open countryside (expression): far from cities or many houses or other buildings

Ex: I love to walk in the open countryside, through the fields and over the mountains.

Energized (adjective): feel full of energy or enthusiasm

Example: Doing some morning yoga is a natural way to get more energized.

ward off (phrasal verb): to protect yourself against danger or illness

Example: She often carries a bit of fresh ginger to ward off headache.

Be into something (expression): to be interested in something in an active way.

Ex: He’s into surfing in a big way – he goes to the beach every weekend.

Strengthen the bond (expression): to make a connection stronger between people or things

Ex: The peace treaty strengthened the bond of friendship between the governments of the two countries.

reflex (noun): a person’s ability to respond to new or changing stimuli.

Example: A sportsperson must have quick reflexes, especially in sports such as tennis or football.

Schedule (noun): a plan of all the things that you have to do

Ex: My schedule today includes lunch with the company director and a meeting with a client in the afternoon.

Fast-paced (adjective): happening very quickly

Example: It’s a myth that all older people struggle with the fast-paced evolution of technology.

Catch sight of (expression): see something for only a moment

Example: I caught sight of someone with red hair and I knew it was you.

Socialize (verb): to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy yourself

Ex: At university, I enjoyed socializing with other students.

• What kind of weather is typical in your hometown?
• What’s your favourite season?
• What kind of weather do you like most? Do you prefer dry or wet weather?

1.  What kind of weather is typical in your hometown?

Since my country is located near the Equator, Ho Chi Minh City, where I live, usually has hot weather, which is not my cup of tea.

2. What’s your favourite season?

If I had to choose, I would choose winter because the weather gets much warmer, and I can wear fashionable clothes that are only suitable for this season.

3. What kind of weather do you like most? Do you prefer dry or wet weather?

I like sunny weather, but not when it’s too hot because it gets a bit humid after a while. I’ll go for dry weather since I don’t want to get caught up in a rainstorm and soaked to the bone.

VOCABULARY:

Boiling weather (expression): extremely hot (having a high temperature: of an object, the weather, a living creature)

Ex: Don’t go to the North in summer! It’s boiling weather.

Humid (adjective): marked by a relatively high level of water vapour in the atmosphere.

Ex: The weather is really humid; you should drink a lot of water.

Get caught up in a rain (Idiom): To “get caught” in the rain means that you are outside and it starts raining suddenly, before you can get inside or get an umbrella.

Ex: It suddenly rained and I got caught up in the rain.

• What do you think “patience” is?
• Do you think patience is important?
• (Possibly) Do you think being patient is an important part of being polite?
• Would you say you are a patient person?
• Have you ever lost your patience?
• What do you become impatient about?

1. What do you think “patience” is?

Well, I suppose “patience” indicates a person’s capacity to wait or to endure delay or something tedious or annoying without complaining and getting riled about it.

2. Do you think patience is important?

Yes, being patient is vital because it is helpful in many situations. Being impatient does not solve the problems but causes more trouble. Also, individual people tend to like patient people because they usually have calm attitudes and an easy-going personality.

3. (Possibly) Do you think being patient is an important part of being polite?

Of course, being patient shows your respectful and thoughtful attitudes to others. For example, at the coffee shop, people have to queue in line and wait patiently for their turn.

4. Would you say you are a patient person?

Generally, I’m an impatient person because I hate waiting for other people. I can easily get annoyed if my friends do not turn up on time. However, in certain situations, I can remain patient, like studying English every day without feeling bored.

5. Have you ever lost your patience?

Yes, I have. Last week, I planned to hang out with my friend at the KFC restaurant. But my friend didn’t come, and she made me wait for more than thirty minutes. I called her, and she didn’t even respond to it. Being tired of waiting for so long, I just left her a message reproaching her and saying that she did not need to come any more. I was so angry that I did not talk to her for a few days.

6. What do you become impatient about?

As I mentioned previously, I loathe waiting for individuals or something taking up too much time. It usually makes me feel upset and irritated.

Vocabulary:

tedious (adjective) boring

Ex: The problem is I find most forms of exercise so tedious.

get riled (expression) to get very annoyed

Ex: I got riled when the shop assistant was rude to me.

easy-going (adjective) relaxed and happy to accept things without worrying

Ex: She won’t get angry if you’re late, she’s very easy-going.

respectful (adjective) showing politeness or honour to someone or something

Ex: There was a respectful two-minute silence as we remembered the soldiers who had died in the war.

thoughtful (adjective) carefully considering things

Ex: He has a thoughtful approach to his work, planning everything well.

queue (verb) to wait in a line of people, often to buy something

Ex: Dozens of people were queuing up to get tickets.

get annoyed (verb phrase): become angry

Ex: He got annoyed at the way she tried to take over the whole meeting.

turn up (phrasal verb): to arrive

Ex: We arranged to meet at midday, but he didn’t turn up.

loathe (verb) hate somebody or something very much

Ex: From an early age the brothers have loathed each other.

hang out with somebody (expression) spend time with somebody

Ex: When I have free time, I hang out with friends and we listen to music or chat.

reproach (verb) to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected

Ex: His mother reproached him for not eating all his dinner.

irritated (adjective) annoyed

Ex: I began to get increasingly irritated at her foolish questions

• Have you ever kept pets?
• Do you like to go to the zoo?
• Have you ever seen any wild animals before?
• What wild animal do you like the most?

1. Have you ever kept pets?

(Answer) Yes, I used to have (Give a reason for your answer) My father got a dog for me when I was 5. Yet, I remember he was so aggressive that we rarely played with him. He was kept only for guarding the house. Later on, when he started recognizing us, he allowed us to approach him. I remember my sister felt attached to him a great deal, so when he died, it was a true shock for her.

2. Do you like to go to the zoo?

 (Answer) I don’t particularly appreciate going to the zoo.

(Give a reason for your answer) It is so sad to see the miserable animals sitting, running about sadly in their cage, hoping for some scraps from the visitors. They don’t deserve it. But on the other side, some of them will live in danger if they are allowed to live in their natural environment.

3. Have you ever seen any wild animals before?

 (Answer) Not even once in person but of course plenty of times on TV through National Geographic TV shows.

(Give a reason for your answer) In my twenty years of existence, I still haven’t seen one real wild animal before with my naked eyes. Some of the amazing wild animals that I’ve seen on television are zebras, gorillas, giraffes, coyotes, hedgehogs, otters, and lions. I don’t get a chance to visit any zoos in this country.

4. What wild animal do you like the most?

 (Answer) I do not have any particular kinds of wild animals that I like.

(Give a reason for your answer) If I have to pick one, I prefer to choose elephants. They look different from any other animal you’ve ever seen, they have a trunk, tusks and they’re massive in size. They are closely related to the extinct mammoth, and that is why elephants are so unique. Besides, in comparison with other kinds of animals, they are much more intelligent.

Vocabulary:

aggressive [adj]: behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person.

Eg: If I criticize him, he gets aggressive and starts shouting.

approach [v]: to come nearer to something or someone.

Eg: Under no circumstances should you approach the man.

(be) attached to [adj]: to like someone or something very much.

Eg: Steve really gets attached to his cats.

miserable [adj]: very unhappy.

Eg: She’s miserable living on her own.

deserve [v]: to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have.

Eg: After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.

with the naked eyes [expression]: without using any special device for making images larger.

Eg: We live miles away, but on a clear night, you can see the city skyscrapers with the naked eye.

coyote [n]: a small wild animal like a dog that lives in North America.

Eg: Chickens need protection from predators such as coyotes, foxes, and owls.

particular [adj]: special, or this and not any other.

Eg: In the light of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their personal belongings.

massive [adj]: very large in size, amount, or number.

Eg: If the drought continues, deaths will occur on a massive scale.

in comparison with [expression]: when compared with something.

Eg: The paintings he made later pale in comparison with his earlier work.

• Do Iranians people like to drink tea or coffee?
• Do you prepare tea or coffee for the guests at home?
• When was the last time you drank tea or coffee?

1. Do Iranians people like to drink tea or coffee?

(Answer) Well, both are Iranian people’s favourite drink, but I think tea is more preferred. (Give a reason for your answer) In Iran, tea is said to appear in almost every social activity: from the wedding, birthday to anniversary and ritual ceremonies. A cup of hot tea in the early morning after breakfast, some iced tea at small stalls while waiting for a friend, or a whole day chilling out in a teahouse; that is the way tea penetrates Iranians’ daily life.

2. Do you prepare tea or coffee for the guests at home?

(Answer) When it comes to treating my guests, I want them to experience a sense of warmth and delight, so I most often choose tea. Tea and biscuits is the perfect combination for many people, especially children. If I serve my guests a cup of coffee, this may somehow disturb their sleep at night.

3. When was the last time you drank tea or coffee?

(Answer) Well, I drink coffee frequently for the sake of my hectic schedule. (Give a reason for your answer) Yesterday, I made myself a cup of coffee to prepare for the demanding working deadline.

Honestly, I want to break the habit of overusing coffee, but given my demanding workload, that prospect seems out of the question, at least at the moment. It turns out that early morning coffee drinkers should also consider adjusting their schedule to optimize their caffeine intake better. The best times to drink coffee — or caffeine in general — is between 10 a.m. and noon, and between 2 p.m. and 5 p.m.

Vocabulary:

preferable [adj]: better or more suitable.

Eg: Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war.

ritual [n]: a ritual is also any act done regularly, usually without thinking about it.

Eg: My morning ritual includes reading the newspaper while I drink my coffee.

penetrate [v]: to move into or through something.

Eg: In a normal winter, the frost penetrates deeply enough to kill off insect eggs in the soil.

delight [n]: (something or someone that gives) great pleasure, satisfaction, or happiness.

Eg: I read your letter with great delight.

disturb [v]: to interrupt what someone is doing.

Eg: I’m sorry to disturb you so late, but my car’s broken down and I don’t have my phone with me.

for the sake of [expression]: in order to help or bring advantage to someone.

Eg: Their parents only stayed together for the sake of the children.

break the habit of [expression]: to stop doing a routine action or activity.

Eg: I struggled to break the habit of biting my nails, but getting regular manicures helped.

demanding [adj]: needing a lot of time, attention, or energy.

Eg: She’s hoping to find a job which is more demanding intellectually.

out of the question [expression]: not possible; having no chance; not permitted.

Eg: I’m sorry, but your taking my car is out of the question.

optimize [v]: to make something as good as possible.

Eg: We need to optimize our use of the existing technology.

• How long should people sleep for the benefit of their health? Why?
• Do you think that the old should sleep more than the young? Why?
• What do you do to improve sleeping quality?
• Do you think it’s effective?

1. How long should people sleep for the benefit of their health? Why?

(Answer) I’m not too sure, but according to what I have read, around 8 hours of sleep per day would be optimal. (Give reasons for your answer) This is said to be the perfect amount of time for people to rejuvenate and recharge their minds and bodies. If people constantly sleep a lot more than this recommended amount of time, they are likely to be prone to obesity, which carries serious health risks.

2. Do you think that the old should sleep more than the young? Why?

(Answer) No, I don’t think that should be the case. (Give reasons for your answer) I believe that the amount of time people spend resting should correlate with how much they exert themselves during the day. Usually, young people spend more of their energy on physical activities, so it’s more reasonable for the young to sleep more than the elderly.

3. What do you do to improve sleeping quality?

(Answer) Several measures can be taken to assure a quality sleep. (Give a reason for your answer) First, I make sure that I work out at the gym or take gentle exercise as I usually find myself drifting to sleep faster and sleep more soundly after I have taken regular exercise during the daytime. Also, I find that some soothing music and comfy pillows are helpful in ensuring a good night’s sleep.

4. Do you think it’s effective?

(Answer) Yes, from my personal experience, the solutions I mentioned have proved to be quite effective. (Give reasons for your answer) When I’m drained after a long day, or I’ve done a hardcore work-out at the fitness centre, I am often sore all over and crave for some rest. Then, nothing is more satisfying than to crash out at night, falling asleep while listening to slow and relaxing melodies.

Vocabulary

to be prone to obesity (expression)

Meaning: to be likely to become fat in an unhealthy way

Example: Children who are addicted to watching television, instead of playing outdoor games, are more prone to obesity.

to carry health risks (expression)

Meaning: to have effects which could be bad for one’s health

Example: Smoking and drinking alcohol are potentially dangerous habits, because they carry serious health risks.

to take regular exercise (expression)

Meaning: to do some physical activity on a regular basis

Example: Authorities should encourage people of all ages to take regular exercise by providing facilities in each community.

 to exert oneself (reflexive verb)

Meaning: to make a big physical effort to do something

Example: I believe that sports professionals deserve high salaries, because constant hard training is necessary so that they can exert themselves to the limit when they compete.

to work out at the gym (expression)

Meaning: to train the body by physical exercise at the gym

Example: As part of a healthy lifestyle, people of all ages should work out at the gym on a regular basis.

to take gentle exercise (expression)

Meaning: to do exercise which is not physically demanding or tiring

Example: Even the elderly can keep fit by taking gentle exercise, like jogging or even a walk in the park.

Other vocabularies:

optimal [adjective]

Meaning: best; most likely to bring success or advantage

Example: The optimal temperature for the development of larvae is in the range 18–26˚C.

to rejuvenate [verb]

Meaning: to make somebody/something look or feel younger, more lively or more modern

Example: Special creams can be used to rejuvenate the skin.

to sleep soundly

Meaning: if you sleep soundly, you sleep very well and very deeply

Example: The baby was sleeping soundly after listening to his mother’s lullaby.

soothing [adjective]

Meaning: making somebody who is anxious, upset, etc. feel calmer/ making a tense or painful part of your body feel more comfortable

Example: The soothing voice of the singer made everyone in the audience feel relaxed.

drained [adjective]

Meaning: very tired and without energy

Example: The death of her father left her emotionally drained.

crave for something [phrasal verb]

Meaning: to have a very strong desire for something Example: Pregnant women can occasionally crave for weird food.

to crash out [phrasal verb]

Meaning: to throw yourself down to sleep in an exhausted state

Example: After the late-night party at my house, several of my friends crashed out on the floor.

• Do you like to watch the sky?
• What is the sky like at night in your hometown?
• Do you like to watch stars?
• Have you ever taken a course about stars?
• What’s your favourite star?

1.  Do you like to watch the sky?

(Answer) Yes, I have to say I am a fan of watching the sky.

(Give a reason for your answer) To me, the sky is a magnificent work of art, and I appreciate the aesthetic qualities of it. The colour of the clouds are so beautiful.

2.  What is the sky like at night in your hometown?

(Answer) The night sky where I live is simply a breathtaking view.

(Give a reason for your answer) As I live in the countryside, the sky is not affected by light pollution, so there are numerous shining stars in a broad blackish background. Therefore, the view is perfect for anyone who has a thirst for freedom.

3. Do you like to watch stars?

(Answer) I find star-watching extremely interesting.

(Give a reason for your answer) I believe that every star in the cosmos has its function and holds a unique mystery to be discovered. This is a great inspiration to me.

4. Have you ever taken a course about stars?

(Answer) I haven’t ever enrolled in such courses, but I would love to in the future. (Give a reason for your answer) I have always wanted to know how constellations retain their shape in zero gravity without floating through space.

 5. What’s your favourite star?

(Answer) The Sun is my favourite star, I would say.

(Give a reason for your answer) This is because of its power and importance to life. If we could find a star similar to the Sun out there in space, we would be able to discover alien life forms and complete our quest for a new homeland.

Vocabulary

Arts:

a work of art/a work of music/a work of literature (expression): a painting, sculpture, book, play, piece of music etc

Example: Shakespeare’s plays are considered as one of the greatest works of literature in the English language.

the aesthetic qualities of something (expression): The qualities related to beauty and understanding the beauty of something.

Example: One advantage of studying the arts is that students learn to appreciate the aesthetic qualities of paintings, literature and music.

Tourism:

a breathtaking view (expression): an extremely beautiful view

Example: From the top of the mountain, there is a breathtaking view of the coast.

to have a thirst for something (expression): to have a strong desire for something

Example: He has been all over the world, but he still has a thirst for seeing new places and enjoying new experiences.

Space Exploration:

The cosmos (noun): the universe, especially when it is thought of as an ordered system

Example: Although the challenge of exploring and understanding the cosmos is exciting, it is also very expensive

To be an inspiration to (expression): to make somebody excited about something, especially thinking of the future

Example: The images of the first men on the moon were an inspiration to people, and made them more hopeful about the future.

Zero gravity (expression): having no force to pull objects to the ground, so that they float.

Example: Living in conditions of zero gravity in space must be extremely tiring and uncomfortable.

To float through space (expression): to move slowly in the air

Example: Space tourism would be really boring, simply floating through space and looking out of the window of the spacecraft.

Alien life forms (expression): creatures from another world

Example: One of the most exciting possibilities of the space program is finding alien life forms on other planets.

The quest for a new homeland (expression): the search for a new place to inhabit

Example: As humans are destroying their own planet, the quest for a new homeland in the universe is essential.

• Have you had anything to share with others recently?
• Did your parents teach you to share when you were a child?
• What kind of things do you like to share with others?
• What kind of things are not suitable for sharing?

1. Have you had anything to share with others recently?

Yes. I was quite nervous about my upcoming finals. Therefore, I went to see my sister and tell her my concerns. She gave me a pep talk.

2. Did your parents teach you to share when you were a child?

They did encourage my siblings and me to speak our minds if we needed to. My parents told me that sharing could lift people’s spirits and get rid of negative energy.

3. What kind of things do you like to share with others?

I usually talk with my friends about how I spend my day. Sometimes I even share food with my colleagues because I often buy snacks at the workplace.

4. What kind of things are not suitable for sharing?

I think people should keep personal information to themselves because anyone can take advantage of that information and put us into trouble.

VOCABULARY:

Pep talk (noun): a talk intended to make someone feel more courageous or enthusiastic.

Example: The coach came and gave a pep talk to his team.

Speak one’s mind: Say what one really thinks, talk freely and fearlessly

Example: Everyone feels free to speak their mind in this section.

Lift one’s spirit: To make one feel happier or more carefree

Example: My advice really lifted his spirits.

Get rid of: take action so as to be free of (a troublesome or unwanted person or thing)

Example: You should get rid of these clothes since they are old-fashioned.

Keep something to oneself: refuse to disclose or share something.

Example: Keep your information to yourself! Don’t tell anyone about this

Take advantage of: exploit for one’s own benefit.

Example: You should take advantage of your time to travel more.

• Do you often write things?
• Do you prefer to write by hand or write using a computer?
• Do you think computers might one day replace handwriting?
• When do children begin to write in your country?

1. Do you often write things?

(Answer) Absolutely yes.

(Explain) Writing is one of the things that I love doing in my leisure time. I practice writing every day to sharpen my language and writing skills, as well as relieve stress after a hard-working day.

2. Do you prefer to write by hand or write using a computer?

(Answer) It depends.

(explain) When writing about everyday things or practicing for the IELTS test, I’d rather write by

hand. I use a computer to write academic reports.

3. Do you think computers might one day replace handwriting?

(Answer) I don’t think so.

(Explain) The computer has indeed been doing a good job in helping people to write. However, I don’t think that it will replace the traditional way of writing as there will be no computers to rely on in urgent cases.

4. When do children begin to write in your country?

(Answer) Iranian kids start learning to write at the age of around 5 to 6, (explain) which is considered quite early by some European experts. But Iranian kids know how to do it well.

Vocabulary:

To sharpen a skill: perfect a skill.

Eg: To sharpen my communication skills, I participate in a lot of extra-curricular activities.

To rely on: to need (someone or something) for support, help, etc.: to depend on (someone or something)

Eg: I don’t think we should always rely on theories in books because there are many unexpected situations which cannot be solved by them in real life.

• How do you keep your photos?
• In what situations do you take photos?
• How often do you take photos?
• Do you prefer to take photos of yourself or to have other people take photos?

1. How do you keep your photos?

Well, I usually store my photos by printing them out and making an album if the pictures are important. If not, I keep them on my iPhone.

2. In what situations do you take photos?

I snap a photo whenever I see something that catches my eye when I’m in a good mood. Normally, I take pictures with my friends when we hang out or when my family goes to a fancy restaurant.

3. How often do you take photos?

Not too often, I have to say. I’m an introvert who doesn’t like to share too many photos, so I only take photos when I find something interesting.

4. Do you prefer to take photos of yourself or to have other people take photos?

I’m pretty good at photography, so I choose to take photos by myself. Also, it is more comfortable to see my expression, which is unflattering sometimes.

VOCABULARY:

Snap a photo (phrase): Take a photo

Ex: He snapped a photo of me while I was sleeping.

Catch one’s eyes (phrase):: to get someone’s attention, especially by looking at them

Eg: This costume really catches my eyes.

In a good mood (expression): Refers to a cheerful, well-disposed state of mind,

Ex: Dinner is on me! I’m in a good mood today.

• Do you like listening to music?
• When do you listen to music?
• Did you learn instruments?
• Did you have any music classes in school?
• Do you think children must have music classes?
• What do you think of Iranians traditional music?
• How much time do you spend listening to music every day?
• What is your favourite kind of music?
• When did you start listening to this type of music?
• How do you feel when you listen to music?

1. Do you like listening to music?

I love listening to music, especially US-UK. My favourite artists are Miley Cyrus and Troye Sivan; their songs always sound awesome to me.

2. When do you listen to music?

I listen to music whenever I feel like doing so. I most often do that before going to sleep, when I’m on the bus, or when I don’t have any important tasks to do.

3. Did you learn instruments?

I didn’t take up any classes on musical instruments and haven’t still. I have always wanted to learn to play the piano ever since I was a kid but never got the chance to. I’m planning on getting some piano lessons this summer.

4. Did you have any music classes in school?

I used to have music classes back when I was in primary school and secondary school. I loved my music class in secondary school. For our midterm and final tests, we had to form a group of at least four and perform a certain song that we choose ourselves. It was so much fun.

5. Do you think children must have music classes?

In my opinion, children should always have music classes. Music has been scientifically proven to have positive influences on one’s way of thinking and feeling, so it will do people good if they can experience music from an early age.

6. What do you think of Iranian traditional music?

It’s not really to my taste, to be honest. I literally cannot listen to traditional kinds of music such as “ca tru”, “cai luong” or “cheo”. I like listening to songs created during the war, though, maybe because my dad was a soldier. He told me stories about his years in the army, and so I can somehow relate deeply to those kinds of songs.

7. How much time do you spend listening to music every day?

It depends. I often listen to music when I’m doing the housework or when I’m on the bus. At that time, I feel like I can immerse myself in my own world. When I need to concentrate on school work, I don’t listen to music as it can cause real distraction.

8. What is your favourite kind of music?

I don’t have choices in music. I can pretty much listen to everything as long as it sounds good to me.

9. When did you start listening to this type of music?

[Let’s just say I’m into rock music]

The first time I heard a rock song was when my dad turned on the TV, and there was a performance of a very famous rock band in Iran called “Buc Tuong”. It was amazing. I started searching for more songs from the Iranian band, and songs belonging to the same genre, and have decided ever since that rock music would be a part of my spiritual life.

10. How do you feel when you listen to music?

Relaxed and free, I guess. Music, to me, is a way of hiding from all the hustle and bustle of everyday life. I listen to music when I’m under a lot of pressure, and feel so fine. It’s the feeling of finally coming home after years and years of living far away, I think.

Vocabulary folk songs

Meaning: songs in the traditional style of a country or community

Example: Traditional folk songs are part of the cultural heritage of a nation or region.

to take up a musical instrument

Meaning: to start to learn to play a musical instrument

Example: Schools should encourage all those children who have an interest to take up a musical instrument.

genres of music

Meaning: particular types or styles of music

Example: Different genres of music tend to be favoured by different age groups, with classical music more popular among the elderly.

Do somebody good [expression] (to improve someone’s health or life).

E.g. You can’t work all the time – it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes.

Be to one’s taste [expression] (be something one likes).

E.g. I’m not really into new cars – old vintage cars are more to my taste!

Relate [verb] (to be able to understand a situation or someone’s feelings because you have experienced something similar yourself).

E.g. I often wake up very early – I’m sure most readers over 50 can relate.

Immerse yourself in something [verb] (to become completely involved in something):

E.g. She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Jewishhistory and culture.

Hustle and bustle [expression] (noise and activity).

E.g. I love the hustle and bustle of the marketplace.

Still [adv] (nevertheless; on the other hand).

E.g. I don’t really like weddings. Still, I’ll have to go or they’ll be offended

• Do you like any teacher of yours?
• Do you still keep in touch with your teachers?
• Do you think it’s important to like your teacher?
• Do you want to be a teacher?
• What qualities should a good teacher have?
• Do you have a favourite teacher?

1. Do you like any teacher of yours? (Answer) Yes, I do.

(Give a reason for your answer) During the entire course of my school life, I was instructed by many lovely teachers whom I love and respect a lot. Among them, the person who inspired me the most is my English major teacher in my high school.

2. Do you still keep in touch with your teachers?

Well, after high school graduation, I still contact my Physics and English teachers from time to time. Besides, on special occasions like the Tet holiday or teacher’s day, I still visit them with my friends to express my gratitude.

 3. Do you think it’s important to like your teacher?

(Answer) Of course, yes.

(Give a reason for your answer) When you have a good relationship with your teachers, you may find their way of teaching more understandable. Most importantly, you will feel more motivated in studying and in the end, perform better.

4. Do you want to be a teacher?

(Answer)Sometimes, yes.

(Give a reason for your answer) I’m quite enthusiastic about conveying knowledge to others, especially those who are willing to learn. As I’m capable of explaining things concisely and appealingly, I’m quite cut out for teaching.

5. (What qualities should a good teacher have?)

Well, one needs to have a lot of attributes to become a good teacher, in my opinion. Besides good knowledge, you also need to be patient, diligent and highly disciplined. Unless you are passionately devoted to teaching, you cannot call yourself a good teacher.

6. (Do you have a favourite teacher?)

I had so many favourite teachers, and it’s a bit difficult to pick one, but I would say the English teacher in high school was the one I love the most. She always delivered engaging lessons, and unlike other teachers who compel students to learn to get good grades, she showed the beauty in learning and encouraged us to pursue our interests.

Vocabulary:

 respect [v]: to feel or show admiration for someone or something that you believe has good ideas or qualities.

Eg: I deeply respect David for what he has achieved.

inspire [v]: to fill someone with confidence and desire to do something.

Eg: Leaders that follow the transformation style of leading, challenge and inspire their followers with a sense of purpose and excitement.

from time to time [expression]: sometimes.

Eg:  I meet my old friends from time to time.

gratitude [n]: a strong feeling of appreciation for someone or something for what the person has done to help you.

Eg: I would like to express my gratitude to the feminists, both male and female, for their work in the past.

understandable [adj]: easy to understand.

Eg: You have to put the facts into a form that’s understandable to everyone.

motivate [v]: to make someone eager to do something.

Eg: She managed to motivate staff to work together after the merger.

(be) enthusiastic about [adj]: showing enthusiasm.

Eg: Marcia’s lifelong interest in science learning stems from growing up as the oldest child in a family enthusiastic about learning.

(be) cut out for/ to be something [n]: have exactly the right qualities for a particular role, task, or job.

Eg: I’m just not cut out to be a policeman.

attribute [n]: a quality or characteristic that someone or something has.

Eg: Organizational ability is an essential attribute for a good manager.

diligent [adj]: careful and serious in your work, or done in a careful and determined way.

Eg: He is also known as a documenter of literature that is persistent, diligent, and dedicated.

engaging [adj]: tending to please; attractive.

Eg: He has such an engaging manner.

pursue [v]: to try to achieve something.

Eg: Liam plans to pursue a career in advertising.

• What’s the most popular means of transportation in your hometown?
• How often do you take buses?
• Can you compare the advantages of planes and trains?
• Is driving to work popular in your country?
• Do you think people will drive more in the future?
• Would you ride bikes to work in the future?
• What will become the most popular means of transportation in Iran?
• Do you prefer public transportation or private transportation?

1. What’s the most popular means of transportation in your hometown?

The most common vehicle in my hometown is the motorbike. As I’ve read in a current newspaper, most Iranian adults own motorbikes. Moreover, I can easily catch sight of motorbikes whenever I go outside.

2. How often do you take buses?

I take buses to go to school at least twice a day as I haven’t got my vehicle yet. I also usually use buses to visit my relatives or friends’ homes.

3. Can you compare the advantages of planes and trains?

Aeroplanes and trains have their benefits for passengers. Regarding planes, they have been the fastest means of passenger transport invented so far. They enable people to travel all around the world in the shortest possible time. The biggest advantage of trains is their impressive safety record. Accidents are rare. So people can feel relaxed and sit back and admire the views from their comfortable seats.

4. Is driving to work popular in your country?

Yes. I’m pretty sure that private cars and motorbikes are the two most popular vehicles in my country. Therefore, it is obvious that there are a large number of people who tend to drive to work.

5. Do you think people will drive more in the future?

Yes, I think so. There will be more drivers on the roads in future due to the convenience of motoring and the affordable prices of cars.

6. Would you ride bikes to work in the future?

Yes. As I’m a young person, I like to do energetic activities to help me keep fit, so I will give priority

to a job that is within cycling distance of my home.

7. What will become the most popular means of transportation in Iran?

I think motorbikes will continue to dominate due to their advantages. They are great for getting around quickly and easy to park and economical to run.

8. Do you prefer public transportation or private transportation?

Although owning a private vehicle has various advantages, I prefer using public transportation to economize as well as to help protect the environment.

VOCABULARY

Catch sight of (expression): to see something only for a moment

Ex: I caught sight of someone with red hair, so I knew that it was you.

Safety record (noun): details of how many accidents a company has had

Eg: With no accidents in the last 5 years, this airline has a good safety record.

Admire (verb): to look at something and think that it is attractive/impressive

Ex: We stood for a few moments, admiring the beautiful view.

Motoring (noun): the activity of driving a car

Ex: She’s planning a motoring holiday in France next year.

Affordable (adjective): cheap enough for people to be able to buy

Ex: This type of car is affordable for people who have a low income.

Give priority to (expression): deal with something first, because you think it is more important than other things

Ex: This month I must give priority to revision for the exam, so I have taken some time off work.

Prevalence (noun): the fact of being very common at a particular time or in a particular place

Ex: There is a worrying increase in the prevalence of smoking among young people.

Dominate (verb): to be the largest, highest or most obvious thing in a place

Ex: The skyline is dominated by smoking factory chimneys.

Get around (phrasal verb): to move from place to place

Ex: Getting around in this city is hard, because there is too much traffic.

Park (verb): to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time

Ex: I parked my car in front of the supermarket while I did my shopping.

Economical (adjective): providing good value in relation to the amount of money spent

Ex: Buy a small car – it will be more economical to run.

Run (verb): to own and use a car or other vehicle

Ex: On my low salary, I can’t afford to run a car.

Economize (verb): to use less money than you normally use

Ex: In winter, don’t economize on heating – it is more important to keep warm.

• What kinds of places do you like to go on holiday?
• Who would you like to go on a holiday with?
• Where do you plan to go for holidays in the future?

1. What kinds of places do you like to go on holiday?

I like beaches; therefore, I would go to a peaceful island or beautiful beaches so that I can let my hair down.

2. Who would you like to go on a holiday with?

Well, I prefer going on solo trips rather than holidaying with my friends or family since they are annoying at times.

3. Where do you plan to go for holidays in the future?

I’ve always dreamed of going to France, where I can taste delicious croissants and contemplate the sunset from the Eiffel Tower.

VOCABULARY:

To let one’s hair down (idiom): . Drop one’s reserve or inhibitions, behave casually or informally

Ex: I’ve been too busy with my new job. So, tonight I’m going to let my hair down and enjoy myself.

A solo trip (expression): is “alone” or “by one’s self”.

Ex: I find it strange when you are making a solo trip to Europre.

• Are you good at remembering numbers?
• Do you often use numbers?)
• Is there any special number you like?

1. Are you good at remembering numbers?

(Answer) Yes. I’m quite good when it comes to numbers. But it depends on how the numbers are administered to me.

(Give a reason for your answer) When I look at a sequence for only 1 or 2 seconds or hear 2-3 numbers in 1 second, I can easily remember them. My immediate information intake is enormous and very fast compared to the average. I can easily remember sequences of 15-20 digits in a moment. But I haven’t tried beyond that.

2. Do you often use numbers?

(Answer) Well, I must say I seldom use numbers.

(Give a reason for your answer) Honestly, my work doesn’t involve the use of numbers. Still, numbers play an important role in our lives. I assume that whether we like it or not, our life revolves around numbers and they are connected directly or indirectly to our lives.

3. Is there any special number you like? (Answer) Yes,

(Give a reason for your answer) My favourite number is nine because it has unique attributes. Multiply nine by any number and then keep adding the digits of the number produced until there is only one left. It will always be 9. Interesting, isn’t it?

Vocabulary:

when it comes to [expression]: as for something; speaking about something

Eg: When it comes to fishing, John is an expert.

intake [n]: an amount of food, air, or another substance taken into the body.

Eg: It all adds up and the excessive food and alcohol intake takes its toll on the body.

sequence [n]: a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other.

Eg: A logical, progressive sequence is followed, in accordance with how I was trained in the Vaganova school.

seldom [adv]: almost never.

Eg: Seldom do we receive any apology when mistakes are made.

calculation (n): a mathematical determination of the size or number of something.

Eg: A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results, with variable change.

assume [v]: to accept something as true without question or proof.

Eg: We can’t assume (that) he’s innocent simply because he says he is.

attribute [n]: a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.

Eg: Attractive, well built, pleasant character… all the attributes required for a successful and happy life.

multiply [v]: obtain from (a number) another that contains the first number a specified number of times.

Eg: If you multiply seven by 15 you get 105.

• Do you like to eat sweets?
• Is your liking for sweets the same as when you were a child?
• Have you ever tried to make sweets?
• Why do people like sweets?

1. Do you like to eat sweets?

(Answer) Yes, I count myself as having a sweet tooth.

(Give a reason for your answer) I usually have Tiramisu or a croissant for dessert. Bakery shops on the road never fail to capture my attention. It makes my mouth water to think about all the sweets displayed there.

2. Is your liking for sweets same as when you were a child?

(Answer) When I was a child, I used to eat candies and biscuits sparingly. However, the more I grew, the more I was into sweets. Sweets were the one thing that kept me going when things got tough.

The handmade ones were, to put it simply, edible happiness, cheaper antidepressants, and a quick way to see the bright side of life if eaten in moderation and provided you have enough self-control.

3. Have you ever tried to make sweets? (Answer) Honestly, I have

(Give a reason for your answer) I have read the recipes for my favourite cakes, but they are by no means simple. However, I would love to try baking cookies or making a mousse in the future.

4. Why do people like sweets?

(Answer) Our bodies are naturally wired to crave sugar for various reasons. When we crave for sugar, we are craving the nutrients that are found in fruit or desserts. The mental craving comes from the serotonin – a neurotransmitter that gives us a sense of well-being, and helps moderate our moods, sleep cycles and our appetite – which is released after we consume sweets.

Vocabulary from Food:

have a sweet tooth Meaning: enjoy sugary food

Example: My brother has a sweet tooth and I’m afraid that he will become obese.

make your mouth water

Meaning: make you feel very hungry for something

Example: It makes my mouth water just to think about eating beef noodles.

Other vocabularies:

capture [v]: if something captures your imagination or attention, you feel very interested and excited by it.

Eg: The American drive to land a man on the Moon captured the imagination/attention of the whole world.

sparingly [adv]: in small amounts, or without wasting any.

Eg: There wasn’t enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly.

antidepressant [n]: an antidepressant drug.

Eg: Antidepressants are medications used to treat major depressive disorder

by no means [expression]: not at al.

Eg: It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.

crave [v]: feel a powerful desire for (something).

Eg: Many young children crave attention.

well-being [n]: the state of feeling healthy and happy.

Eg: People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.

moderate [v]: to (cause to) become less in size, strength, or force; to reduce something.

Eg: The president may have to moderate his stance on tax cuts.

• Is there any beautiful scenery in your hometown?
• How can you try to live in a house with a good view?
• Do people like to take photos of beautiful scenery?
• Why do people prefer to use mobile phones to take photos of beautiful scenery?

1. Is there any beautiful scenery in your hometown?

(Answer) My hometown is renowned for its breathtaking scenery.

(Give a reason for your answer) It is an area of outstanding natural beauty and for me, one of the most beautiful places on earth. It has everything; historical sites, fantastic beaches, rolling mountains, dense forests and picturesque countryside, extraordinary cuisine and hospitable people. There are also golden palaces, temples, shrines, and an impressive dancing stage, majestic tombs, and ancient meditative landscapes.

2. How can you try to live in a house with a good view?

(Answer) A good location can mean different things to different people, of course, but there are also objective factors that determine a home’s value. For me, it is the accessibility, appearance, and amenities of the residential area that are inextricably linked with how good the view of my house is.

3. Do people like to take photos of beautiful scenery?

(Answer) Well, I think most people

(Give a reason for your answer) Shooting landscapes forces you to get outside and find the beauty around you. Sometimes this means discovering places right in front of your eyes that you just never noticed were beautiful before. For me, whenever I get out and set up to shoot a landscape scene, I find that my mind is freed of worry and distractions.

4. Why do people prefer to use mobile phones to take photos of beautiful scenery?

(Answer) I think this is a matter of personal

(Give a reason for your answer) Handy gadgets like phones help one to capture the beautiful scenery at any time they want. Then, they can share the photos immediately on social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram. And when the pictures are stored in your cell phone, it is much easier to see them as compared to a professional camera.

Vocabulary from Town and City:

residential area

Meaning: an area where people live

Example: I live in a residential area of a busy town in the south of Spain

Vocabulary from Technology:

gadget

Meaning: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera

Example: Such a gadget would help you considerably in studying.

Other vocabularies:

renowned [adj]: famous

Eg: She felt pressure because of her renowned father.

outstanding [adj]: clearly very much better than what is usual.

Eg: Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world.

picturesque [adj]: (esp. of a place) attractive in appearance.

Eg: The city is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate.

majestic [adj]: beautiful, powerful, or causing great admiration and respect.

Eg: The majestic Montana scenery will leave you breathless.

inextricably [adv]: in a way that is unable to be separated, released, or escaped from.

Eg: The Louis Armstrong legend is inextricably linked with his recordings.

distraction (n): something that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else.

Eg: You can turn the television off if you find it a distraction.

handy [adj]: useful or convenient.

Eg: We found it handy to have a cellular phone.

• Do you go on field trips to museums to learn history?
• Do you learn much history at school?
• When was the last time you read a history publication?

Do you go on field trips to museums to learn history?

(Answer) Yes, I sometimes

(Give a reason for your answer) As I see it, this kind of educational trip is a beneficial way for a student to acquire knowledge and experience. History teachers in my school often organize trips to museums to familiarize students with historical events or figures in a fascinating way. I remember that the students were always in eager anticipation before trips to museums.

2. Do you learn much history at school?

(Answer) Well, history was my favourite subject in school

(Give a reason for your answer) I’m quite enthusiastic about delving into the past and learning from the mistakes our forefathers made. Besides, my History teacher in high school always delivered engaging lessons. Unlike other teachers who compelled students to learn to get good grades, she showed the beauty of learning and encouraged us to pursue our interests.

3. When was the last time you read a history publication?

(Answer) I’m genuinely interested in history books, so I read them frequently.

(Give a reason for your answer) The recent one I read has an unpredictable plot, and it has received widespread acclaim from book critics around the world.

Vocabulary from Education:

higher education:

Meaning: education, usually in a college or university that is followed after high school or secondary school

Example: Higher education is only suitable for those committed enough to learning.

Other vocabularies:

with a view to [expression]: with an intention to do something:

Eg: The politician reveals the truth with a view to gaining more faith from the public.

fascinating [adj]: extremely interesting and attractive.

Eg: Your trip to Alaska sounds absolutely fascinating.

anticipation [n]: a feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen in the near future.

Eg: The postponement of the film’s sequel has held cinemagoers in eager anticipation for several months.

(be) enthusiastic about [adj]: showing enthusiasm.

Eg: Marcias’s lifelong interest in science learning stems from growing up as the oldest child in a family enthusiastic about learning.

pursue [v]: to try to achieve something.

Eg: Liam plans to pursue a career in advertising.

from time to time [expression]: sometimes:

Eg: I meet my old friends from time to time.

unpredictable [adj]: likely to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able to be predicted (= expected before it happens) or depended on.

Eg: The weather there can be unpredictable – one minute it’s blue skies and the next minute it’s pouring rain.

acclaim [n]: public approval and praise.

Eg: Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well.

• Do you like art?
• Have you ever visited an art gallery?
• Is there any art work on the wall in your room?

1. Do you like art?

(Answer) I’m an avid fan of art.

(Give a reason for your answer) Art is a part of my life. I love art, in any form it presents itself. My heart swells once I’ve made something pretty. Different genres of art, such as music, architecture, literature, culture are appealing to me.

2.Have you ever visited an art gallery?

(Answer) Yes, I have.

(Give a reason for your answer) After I graduated, I began to enjoy taking trips to various art exhibitions. Since then, I have established relationships with a few friends that are artists, and now they invite me to their galleries quite often. Visiting art galleries is also a way to keep myself updated with new trends in the contemporary world of art. Believe it or not, this kind of experience relieves much of my work-related stress.

3. Is there any art work on the wall in your room?

(Answer) Yes, I have.

(Give a reason for your answer) Wall art draws the eye, pulls together space, and makes my home inviting. I usually hang artworks of rural areas that depict breathtaking scenery, space and other amazing places such as forests, lakes or mountains. These pictures always capture the attention of guests.

Vocabulary:

avid [n]: extremely eager or interested: say mê

Eg: He took an avid interest in the project.

genre [n]: a style, especially in the arts, that involves a particular set of characteristics

Eg: What genre does the book fall into – comedy or tragedy?

cater for [v]: to provide the things that a particular person or situation needs or wants

Eg: The class caters for all ability ranges.

establish [v]: to start having a relationship with, or communicating with another person, company, country, or organization

Eg: There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.

(to) keep oneself up to date with something[v]: keep updated with new thing

Eg: My father always tries to keep himself up to date with political news.

(to) relieve [v]: to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain

Eg: Being able to say the truth at last seemed to relieve her.

breathtaking [adj]: very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way

Eg: To the whole mountain-climbing team, the scene was one of the most breathtaking beauties in the world.

capture one’s attention [expression]: to interest someone

Eg: Most of the textbooks we looked at were too dull to capture students’ attention.

• Do you like desserts?
• Do you like eating cakes?
• Have you ever made cakes?
• What are the special cakes in your country?

1. Do you like desserts?

(Answer) Yes, I do

(Give a reason for your answer) Eating desserts after meals make me feel more productive and positive. I’m sure you’ve turned to a box of chocolates or gobbled down an apple pie on a “bad day” so that you could feel there’s still hope left in the world. Nothing can give you more pleasure than eating your favourite dessert. And this feeling is vital to your well-being.

 2. Do you like eating cakes?

(Answer) I must admit that I have a sweet tooth, so cakes are my favourite kind of food.

(Give a reason for your answer) I’m into the habit of eating different kinds of cakes at the end of every week as a treat to myself. Somehow, this is my unique strategy to cope with stress related to the work-life balance. Almost every kind of cake suits my tastes.

3. Have you ever made cakes?

(Answer) Unfortunately, I haven’t.

(Give a reason for your answer) I have read the recipes for my favourite cakes sometimes, but they are by no means simple. However, I would love to try baking cookies or making a mousse in the future.

4.  What are the special cakes in your country?

(Answer) There is a wide range of Iranian cakes you shouldn’t miss when you visit my country.

Vocabulary from Food:

have a sweet tooth

Meaning: enjoy sugary food

Example: My brother has a sweet tooth and I’m afraid that he will become obese.

Other vocabularies:

productive [adj]: resulting in or providing a large amount or supply of something.

Eg: He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels.

well-being [n]: the state of feeling healthy and happy.

Eg: People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.

in the habit of [expression]: if you are in the habit of doing something, you do it regularly or often.

Eg: They were in the habit of giving two or three dinner parties a month.

cope with [v]: deal with.

Eg: It must be really hard to cope with three young children and a job.

(to) suit one’s tastes [expression]: be suitable to what somebody likes or prefers .

Eg: A beautifully striped dress will be likely to suit Linda’s taste.

by no means [expression]: not at all.

Eg: It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.

nutritious [adj]: very good for you, containing many of the substances which help the body to grow.

Eg: My mother always gives us tasty and nutritious meals.

• Have you ever played water sports?
• What water sports do you like playing?
• Are water sports popular in Iran?

1. Have you ever played water sports?

Yes. My childhood was linked with swimming because I participated in many swimming competitions during my school years.

2. What water sports do you like playing?

I would say swimming, of course. However, it seems like my preference is shifting to water polo from swimming. However, until now, swimming remains my favourite.

3. Are water sports popular in Iran?

I don’t think so. Water sports facilities are not widely available in my country. I bet that many people

have no clue what water polo is.

Vocabulary:

 To be linked with something (phrase): link someone or something and someone or something together

Example: Her name is being linked to one of the top jobs in the company.

Shifted: move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance.

Example: She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other.

to have no clue/don’t have a clue (phrase):to be completely unable to guess, understand, or deal with something

Example: Who invented algebra?” “I don’t have a clue.”

• Do you like running?
• Have you ever taken a running class?
• When was your last long run?
• Why do people need to run?
• Where do you think is a good place to run?
• Do you think running is a good way to stay healthy?

1. Do you like running?

Honestly speaking, I’ve never given a thought to it. I’m not too fond of it because each running session drains my energy.

2. Have you ever taken a running class?

No. I dread to think of having to run around 10 km daily. I don’t think I’ll ever take part in any running class in the foreseeable future.

3. When was your last long run?

I haven’t run since my last physical education class in my second year. Now I’m in my 3rd year. Thus, my last long run was like one year and a half ago.

4.  Why do people need to run?

Running has been scientifically proved to be one of the very few sports which requires nearly all the muscles to function, thus benefiting almost the whole body. Therefore, people need to run to stay healthy.

 5. Where do you think is a good place to run?

Without a doubt, parks are the most ideal for runs. Since an enormous amount of oxygen is needed when running, it is better to run inside a place where the air is fresh and has enough oxygen rather than polluted with carbon dioxide.

6. Do you think running is a good way to stay healthy?

While the gym is eclipsing running in terms of popularity nowadays, I believe running is an effective way to stay healthy. It is also more economical than the gym.

Vocabulary:

 to take up a hobby (phrase): To engage or become interested in an activity or pursuit

Example: Why don’t you take up a hobby?

To dread (v): anticipate with great apprehension or fear.

Example: I dread to think what would happen if he was left to cope on his own.

to stay healthy (phrase): making sure not to get sick.

Example: Eating a recommended amount of vegetables helps you stay healthy.

• Have you ever taken science courses?
• Is science important?
• Should we learn science?
• Did you have any science classes in elementary or high school?
• What kind of science do people usually study?

1. Have you ever taken science courses?

I have never taken any science courses before. I am a major in International Relations. My syllabus does not include subjects in science.

2. Is science important?

Although I am not a science student, I believe that it is of great significance to today’s world, which is driven by science and technology. Without science, people would be still in the stone age.

3. Should we learn science?

Of course, everyone should know science, to some degree. Science explains the phenomenon that happens around us and helps build a strong human society and brings prosperity.

4. Did you have any science classes in elementary or high school?

Science was a compulsory subject in elementary school while high school science is divided into different subjects namely physics, biology and chemistry, which are also obligatory. Thus, I did study science in elementary and high school.

5. What kind of science do people usually study?

Normally, people focus on physics because it is more applicable in real life than biology and chemistry.

Vocabulary:

To be comprised of something (phrase): to be made up of

Example: The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.

To be of significance for/to something: having the quality of being “significant

Example: The discovery of the new drug is of great significance for/to people suffering from heart problems.

• When should children form opinions?
• What are the benefits when children have their own opinions?
• What are the responsibilities of teachers to help children develop their ideas/opinions?
• Do you think children are taught to have the same opinions as their parents?

1. When should children form opinions?

They should be given the right to express their own opinions and participate in family affairs as soon as they start primary school, mostly at the age of 6.

2. What are the benefits when children have their own opinions?

it has numerous benefits. It helps older family members understand what the children need, thus giving them better care.

3. What are the responsibilities of teachers to help children develop their ideas/opinions?

Teachers should be responsible for sharpening children’s critical thinking skills, which is vital for forming opinions. Also, they should encourage them to speak up when

4. Do you think children are taught to have the same opinions as their parents?

I don’t think so. Children’s opinions may be similar to their parents’ rather than the same. The similarity level may vary, though.

Vocabulary:

 Affair (n): an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or that has previously been referred to.

Example: She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.

To speak up (v): express one’s opinions frankly and publicly.

Example: If you disagree, please speak up.

• When was the last time you were alone?
• What do you like to do when you are alone?
• Do you wish to have more time alone?
• Is it essential to have some time alone?

1. When was the last time you were alone?

Answer: Maybe it was about one month ago when I made a solo trip to Thailand. I stayed there for five days and explored Bangkok on my own.

2.  What do you like to do when you are alone?

Answer: I enjoy being alone on the weekend morning, reading some books, and playing computer games.

3. Do you wish to have more time alone?

Answer: Well, I’d rather hang out with my friends than being alone since friends entertain me a lot,

and you need to be sociable in the society.

4. Is it essential to have some time alone?

Answer: Absolutely. There are moments that you get stressed out, and being alone can be an ideal way to let your hair down.

VOCABULARY

Solo trip (n): is “alone” or “by one’s self”

Ex: You should make a solo trip to Thailand sometimes! I’m sure it’ll be fun.

To entertain somebody (v): to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure

Ex: They entertained us to a party last night.

Stressed out (adj): worried and nervous

Ex: He has been up to his ears with studying recently, no wonder he gets stressed out.

Let your hair down (Idiom): behave uninhibitedly.

Ex: Well, it’s the weekend. You should just let your hair down and relax.