Describe a road trip you went on

You should say,

• where you went
• who you went with
• what happened on the trip
• And explain how you felt about it

 (where you went) (who you went with) One of my friends had bought a new car with a sunroof. We gathered at this place to have a look at it. Suddenly, he volunteered to take all of us to a bird sanctuary located on a mountain. I was a two-hour drive from his place. All of us agreed to the plan. Our plan was to shout out loud by standing on the sunroof. We decided to do this as we moved atop the mountain. I had some fear of heights. But I did agree to the plan.

(what happened on the trip) After about an hour, we reached downhill, had some refreshing tea and headed upwards. Slowly we were going up the mountain. I was able to sense the height. A chill ran down my spine. But it was only a few minutes, and my fears vanished when my friends started talking about the beautiful scenery. As we drove higher up, one of them reminded us of the sunroof. One of them opened it, peeped through it and shouted loudly “Hip Hip Hurray”. One after the other tried it. The car was on the move, though. Then came my turn. I thought I better get the guts to try it out. Initially, it was nervous, but when I peeped out through the sunroof, the beautiful flowers and the soft winds changed my mind. I shouted out loud. Then we tried it in groups of three. There were seven of us altogether. One of them was driving.

(explain how you felt about it) I felt great. My fears vanished. It was a memorable experience. Now that I have gained deep insight into a car with a sunroof, I can advise anyone who wants to buy one.

VOCABULARY

 Sunroof (noun) – a panel in the roof of a car that can be opened for extra ventilation.

Eg: He bought a brand new car with a sunroof.

Mountain (noun) – a large natural elevation of the earth’s surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level; a large steep hill.

Eg: He was afraid to drive on the mountains.

Chill ran down my spine (phrase) – used to say that someone feels very thrilled, frightened, etc.

Eg: A chill ran down her spine as she entered the exam hall.

Peeped (verb) – look quickly and furtively at something, especially through a narrow opening.

Eg: She peeped in through the narrow entrance.

Nervous (adj) – easily agitated or alarmed.

Eg: She became nervous on seeing the operation theatre.

Part 3

1. Whу do people need to travel еvеrу day?

(Give a direct answer to the question) They travel for several reasons. (Explain your reason or reasons) The majority of people travel for work. Also, some people travel to buy daily needs like dairy, grocery, etc. People also travel to meet their friends and relatives.

2. Sоmе people ѕау that daily journeys like thеѕе will not be ѕо common іn thе future. Dо уоu agree оr disagree? Why?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Yes, with the ever- advancing technology, companies are heading towards work from home. You will have official meetings conducted online, and physical presence will no longer be required. So, this will largely reduce the daily journeys people make.

3. Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country? How?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes, travel can make a positive impact on the economy. (Explain your reason or reasons) Notably, there will be a boom in tourism. When it attracts a large number of tourists, it will slowly create opportunities for foreign settlement areas. This will directly impact the foreign relationships with that country, which improves trade agreements, thereby bringing a positive difference to the country’s economy.

4. Is it a good thing that everyone owns cars?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) In advanced countries, everyone owns a car. But it is not good for the environment, and it becomes difficult to regulate traffic as well. Roads become crowded. Besides being a sign of an improved economy of a country, it does not carry any other benefit.

5. Do many families own private cars in your country?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes, some families do. (Explain your reason or reasons) But the trend seems to be positive. It is estimated that many families would own private cars soon.

Many people have stable jobs in our country, and hence there is a significant improvement in the lifestyle as well.

VOCABULARY

 Daily needs (noun) – The fact of being necessary or indispensable; indispensability

Eg: He found a one-stop store for all his daily needs.

Impact (noun) – a marked effect or influence.

Eg: The saint’s words made an impact on the crowd.

Agreements (noun) – a negotiated and typically legally binding arrangement between parties as to a course of action.

Eg: There was an agreement signed between the two countries on the trade of spices.

Regulate (verb) – control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and regulations.

Eg: The council regulates the operation of the institute.

Lifestyle (noun) – the way in which a person lives.

Eg: Yoga made a positive impact on his lifestyle.

Describe a city you have visited and want to go back to in the future

You should say,

• which city it is
• where it is
• what you did there
• And explain why you want to go back

 (which city it is ) (where it is) I can say that I have travelled to quite a lot of places. Every summer vacation, we used to go on a trip within India. After I graduated, I moved to the UK and have been to several places here. But there is a sweet haunting city in India, which refuses to move out of my memory. It is Calcutta. Be it patriotism or culture or spirituality; it stands apart. From Rabindranath Tagore to Saurav Ganguly to Satyajit Ray, it has carved a niche for itself in every field. I have visited the city with my parents and friends.

(what you did there) I don’t go to Calcutta as a regular tourist. I go with the aim of exploring something, and it turns out to be marvellous expeditions. First time I went there with my parents, my project was exploring Shantiniketan. I was amazed at the concept of open-air learning. I appreciated the fact that a free mind learns better. Later I visited the same city with my friends when I was in college. This time I explored the Missionaries of charity. I got an autograph from the then Superior General.

(explain why you want to go back) It keeps calling me time and again. I have always wondered why. But I’m not able to find an answer to the question. It may be my passion for History that drives me mad to visit this place often.

VOCABULARY

 Travelled (adj) – having travelled to many places. [Travel- verb : make a journey, typically of some length]

Eg: He was widely travelled and was very wise.

Haunting (adj) – bringing strong images, memories, or feelings to mind.

Eg: He had haunting memories of his first wife.

Carved a niche (phrase) – Succeeding, achieving and fulfilling, accomplish.

Eg: She carved a niche for herself in the Literary field.

Passion (noun) – strong and barely controllable emotion

Eg: She had a passion for physics.

Part 3

1. What are some of the problems of long-distance travelling?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Whether you are travelling alone by car or train, you tend to get bored after a while. But if you are travelling with a group of people, be it, friends or family, it makes the travel lively. If in a car, you can plan on the kind of music you need to play while travelling. If there are older people in the group, you need to know how to keep the travel engaging so that they forget their health problems and enjoy the trip.

2. Has the way people travel changed over the last few decades?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes, it has changed a lot. (Explain your reason or reasons) The lifestyle of people has improved, and so has the economy of the country. Flight rates have come down, and there are luxury trains and buses introduced. So people travel with better comfort compared to yesteryears.

3. What is the best way to save money while travelling?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) The best way is to research on the internet. You can compare prices between flights, trains, and buses and decide which is the cheapest mode of transport to a particular destination. Also, you need to plan much ahead of travel, so that tickets are available in all modes of transport. Sometimes there may be offers, which may expire if you book tickets at the last moment.

4. What kind of tourist destinations do you usually prefer?

(Give a direct answer to the question) I prefer places with a historical background. (Explain your reason or reasons) I love to explore the work of our ancestors and take a photocopy of all of them. I prefer to go to Konark Sun temple in Odisha, to the jungles in Karnataka, to Rani Gayatri Devi’s Palace in Jaipur, TajMahal in Agra, to name a few. All of them have a rich history associated with them. I got to know about these places from books, newspapers, and magazines.

5. Has a foreign visitor ever stayed at your home?

(Give a direct answer to the question) No, not until now. But I look forward to it, and it will be exciting to have a foreign visitor. (Explain your reason or reasons) The main reason would be because of the number of ideas we can exchange. I will guide him/her about places in India and get to know places of special interest in his or her country. It is exciting when I think of it.

VOCABULARY

 Bored (adj) – feeling weary and impatient because one is unoccupied or lacks interest in one’s current activity.

Eg: Tom got bored with playing tennis.

Lively (adj) – intellectually stimulating or perceptive, full of life and energy.

Eg: Sita made the conversation lively.

Luxury (noun)- a state of great comfort or elegance, especially when involving great expense.

Eg: There was a new luxury bus introduced from Punjab to Pakistan.

To name a few (idiom) – To provide only a few examples, though there are copious amounts from which to choose.

Eg: There are many problems in this house. To name a few, the lights are not decorative; there is leakage in the pipes, and there are a lot of mosquitoes.

Eager (adj) – strongly wanting to do or have something.

Eg: The kids were very eager to receive their gifts.

Describe a place you visited that has been affected by pollution.

You should say:

• where it is
• what kind of pollution it has
• what causes pollution
• And explain how you feel about that place

(where it is) A thing of beauty is a joy forever. But it would not be joyful to see the beauty fade in front of your eyes. It so happened to me with the pink city Jaipur in India. It is no more pink. It has turned to some sort of a shade of orange.

(what kind of pollution it has) (what causes pollution) The report published by the World Health Organisation attributes the majority of pollution to the improper channelling of energy from industry and transport sectors, coal-fuelled power plants, desert dust and burning of wastes. The air quality index in Jaipur has come down. The place which was once the abode of English Royals is now strewn with garbage. There are no proper arrangements to sort and dispose of it. There are no strict rules in place for open air emissions. There are no programs to shift to cleaner options for electricity and discontinue the use of coal. The negligence from the government has given the city a pathetic look.

(explain how you feel about that place) I was heartbroken. It did not feel good to see the city in ruins. I was so enraged that I wrote a column in the local newspaper to control the air pollution in Jaipur. I vented out with my friends. I’m hoping that the city will return to its royal pink very soon.

VOCABULARY

 Fade (verb) – gradually grow faint and disappear.

Eg: The light faded and there was darkness all over.

Air quality index (phrase) – index for reporting how clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for you. For each of these pollutants, EPA has established national air quality standards to protect public health.

Eg: Before moving to a new place it is better to check the air quality index of the place.

Strewn (adj) – untidily scattered

Eg: The place was strewn with dried flowers.

Heartbroken (adj) – suffering from overwhelming distress.

Eg: She was heartbroken on hearing the death news.

Part 3

1. Why do people throw waste materials on roads?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) I think it is due to their laziness and lack of moral responsibility towards safeguarding the environment and the beauty of the city. A large number of people are ignorant about what they are doing to the environment.

2. How can the government encourage people to keep their city clean?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) They can conduct awareness programs. The program must reach all kinds of people in a city. They can make advertisements and as well as circulate videos on YouTube and Facebook. The program should tell

the people the current state of the city. Also, it must project how the city will look like in another ten years if they do and don’t follow cleanliness standards.

3. What do you think? Is it a good idea or a bad idea to establish limited factories in a city?

(Give a direct answer to the question) It is a very good idea to restrict the number of factories in a city. (Explain your reason or reasons) As the government is responsible for reducing global warming effects, controlling pollution, and maintaining the air quality index in a place, they should enforce strict rules in place regarding the establishment of factories.

4. What kinds of pollution are serious in your country?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) We have almost all kinds of pollution. Air pollution is due to fuel emissions by vehicles and factories. Water pollution is caused when factories let out their waste products to nearby water bodies.

5. What can individuals do to protect our environment?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) As the literacy rate is increasing, most of them are aware of the disaster caused by plastics. So, they can shift to some environmentally friendly products. Now that the government has officially banned it, people have no choice. But even otherwise, any small effort towards protecting the environment should be voluntarily taken by every individual like not littering on roads and using eco-friendly modes of transport.

VOCABULARY

 Moral responsibility (noun) – the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission performed or neglected in accordance with one’s moral obligations. Deciding what counts as “morally obligatory” is a principal concern of ethics.

Eg: Everyone has moral responsibility towards reducing global warming.

Standards (noun) – a level of quality or attainment.

Eg: Ram had set high standards for the project.

Enforce (verb) – cause (something) to happen by necessity or force.

Eg: The sports committee enforced strict laws for its players.

Literacy (noun) – the ability to read and write.

Eg: Kerala is a state which has a high literacy rate.

Disaster (noun) – an event or fact that has unfortunate consequences.

Eg: There are many disasters caused by releasing industrial effluents into water bodies.

Describe a school you went to in your childhood

You should say,

• where it was
• What it was like
• What the teachers were like
• and explain how you felt about

 (where it was) (what it was like) The first thing that strikes you when you talk about childhood is your school. I studied in “ABC Matriculation”, Chennai. It was one of the top schools in the area. The school was in CIT Nagar, Chennai, which was a kerala settlement. The school had a huge square area of concrete road at the entrance with a stage at its end. There were also tall Ashoka trees near the entrance. There were separate buildings for primary and secondary students.

(what the teachers were like) Most of the high school teachers were kerala christians. For pre primary classes, we had Anglo Indian teachers. The Vice-Principal was from Calcutta. Great importance was given to English. The teachers were dedicated to their work. Be it Science or Math or English, the classes were very interesting. The teachers were skilled in their respective fields. Apart from Academics, they encouraged students to participate in skits, elocutions and dramas. We also had science exhibitions, once in a year. They created an atmosphere, very conducive to learning.

(explain how you felt about it) I feel proud to have studied at ABC. After schooling, when I was thrown out into the world, I realized the importance of English. My teachers were right in emphasizing its importance, from childhood. I feel blessed to have attended this school. I owe all my achievements to my dear teachers.

VOCABULARY

Childhood (noun) – the state or period of being a child.

Eg: He spent most of his childhood with his grandmother.

Primary school (noun) – a school for children between the ages of about five and eleven.

Eg: There was a primary school being established in Dehradun

Secondary school (noun) – a high school or a school of corresponding grade, ranking between a primary school and a college or university.

Eg: Jim was required to fill details of marks secured in his secondary school, in his college application.

Owe (verb) – be under a moral obligation to give someone (gratitude, respect, etc.).

Eg: She owed a lot to her mother.

Part 3

1. What is the difference between being taught by teachers and being taught by AI?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) AI or Artificial Intelligence has its advantages. Through AI education is made possible in remote corners of the world. But a teacher has unique qualities that AI cannot replace. Teachers can give individual attention to a student and identify his/her weak and strong areas. But AI will just let the student know if his answer is right or wrong.

2. What’s the difference between the present and the past teachers?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) In ancient times, India had the Gurukul system where a student stays in the Gurukula or Ashram as a hosteler without paying any fee but offering services. The Guru was treated with great respect, and they got trained in almost all aspects of life. (Give an example) For example, students would not only be trained in studies but also archery, boxing, etc. But in the present day, schools are money minded and teachers too. They teach for what they are paid. Students also are not very affectionate towards them.

3. What are the most common types of schools in India?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) In India, there are many types of schools. Most common among them are the CBSE or Central Board of Secondary Education, ICSE or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education, IB or Indian Baccalaureate, and Matriculation systems.

4. Which do you think is more important: primary school education or university education?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Undoubtedly, it is a primary school education. (Explain your reason or reasons) It lays the foundation for a student. A student may or may not be able to pursue University education. But it is mandatory to know how to read and write without errors and know the basic concepts of Mathematics and Science, failing which survival would become very

5. Do you think young people today are burdened with study?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes. (Explain your reason or reasons) But it is because the world is getting very competitive and they need that syllabi to cope with the world. It is true that they are burdened, but there is no choice. They have to go through this to be able to become successful citizens of the world.

VOCABULARY

 Artificial intelligence(noun) – the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition decision-making, and translation between languages.

Eg: Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence is used in agriculture and farming.

Gurukula(noun) – a type of education system in ancient India with shishya (‘students’ or ‘disciples’) living near or with the Guru, in the same house. The word gurukula is a combination of the Sanskrit words guru (‘teacher’ or ‘master’) and kula (‘family’ or ‘home’).

Eg: It is believed that Gurukulas of ancient times were far more superior than IITs of today.

Archery (noun) – shooting with a bow and arrows, especially at a target as a sport.

Eg: John was skilled in archery.

Foundation (noun) – an underlying basis or principle.

Eg: Einstein’s principles laid the foundation for modern physics.

Cope (verb) – (of a person) deal effectively with something difficult.

Eg: The doctor gave tips on how to cope with stress.

Describe a place where you read and write (not your home).

You should say,

• where it is
• how often you go there
• what you do there
• and explain how you feel about this

 (where it is) Though I prefer to read and write at the comfort of my home, I do have one other interesting place which is the Leeds Garden near my house. I usually go there at twilight when there are none. The garden has got securities operating both at night and day. So It is a safe place.

(how often you go there) ( what you do there) I go there whenever I get up early. That is the best time to write poetry. I consider poetry to be a sudden outpour of thoughts. I should feel the urge in my hands. Whenever I visit this garden, the little flowers on the wayside seem to whisper something to me. The sweet fragrance of flowers from various trees is inviting. I choose a corner where there is a cemented chair which is surrounded by enchanting Ixora flowers. Mostly, I write poetry. The atmosphere makes me want to write one. Thoughts come one after the other in some order, and I pen them all. Later, when I look at it, I would be amazed at where the words and ideas originated from. Whenever I read a book on which the theme would be set in some English Village, the garden will seem like one. I will get absorbed in the book.

(explain how you feel about this place) I think it is a magical place. It can change your mind. Creativity would pour in. The silence of the place at twilight is something divine and ideal for reading and writing poetry.

VOCABULARY

Twilight (noun) – The soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon, caused by the reflection of the sun’s rays from the atmosphere.

Eg: She stepped out at twilight.

Garden (noun) – a piece of ground adjoining a house, in which grass, flowers, and shrubs may be grown.

Eg: Tom gifted us Roses from his garden

Outpour (verb) – To pour out

Eg: There was an outpour of sympathy in Ram as he looked at the poor people in the Ashram.

Enchanting (adj) – delightfully charming or attractive.

Eg: The distant blue sky was an enchanting view.

Divine (adj) – very pleasing; delightful

Eg: He had a divine smile.

Part 3

1.  At what age children start reading and writing?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Children start reading and writing at the early age of 3. Some parents begin teaching even before that. Nowadays, playschools start accepting admissions at the age of two. Children are taught craftwork and basic arithmetic skills. Children are often taught with the help of toys, which makes learning fun to them.

2. What is more important, reading, or writing?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Well, I think you must be able to read to write. They are intertwined. The first word a kid writes is what he learnt, probably in their own spellings. Reading improves writing. At a later stage, it is writing that builds confidence.

3. Who needs to have good writing skills?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Almost everyone in the world. (Explain your reason or reasons) Everyone should know how to read and write a letter or compose an email, which is the basis of communication. It is a wrong notion that only poets or people involved in the literary world need writing skills. Writing improves thinking, which results in better expression. Writing paves, the way for better learning.

4. From what can people get more information – words or pictures?

(Give a direct answer to the question) I think it is pictures. (Explain your reason or reasons) People tend to infer more from pictures than from words. But there is a hidden danger with pictures.

People can interpret it in their own ways, which would often cause misunderstanding. (Give an example) For example, when looking at modern art, the artist might have created it with some perception, but the person who looks at it may perceive it differently. Whereas writing is precise, and its interpretations cannot vary.

5. Is it the sole responsibility of the school to take care of reading and writing?

(Give a direct answer to the question) It is indeed true that children learn to write and read at school. But parents should take equal responsibility. (Explain your reason or reasons) In fact, it is at home that a child begins to scribble and later moves on to better versions of writing. So, it is the responsibility of parents to take care of the reading and writing of a child. School comes in at a later stage.

VOCABULARY

 Playschool (noun) – a playgroup.

Eg: Seema put her two-year-old child in a play school.

Intertwined (verb) – connect or link (two or more things) closely.

Eg: Fact and fiction are intertwined in that novel.

Notion (noun) – a conception of or belief about something.

Eg: Sita and Ram had different notions of right and wrong.

Infer (verb) – deduce or conclude (something) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.

Eg: From Galileo’s theory, we can infer that it is earth that revolves around the sun.

Scribble (verb) – write or draw (something) carelessly or hurriedly.

Eg: Tom scribbled the equations in his notebook.

Describe an interesting place you remember well that was full of colours.

You should say,

• where it was
• what it was like
• why you went there
• and explain why you remember it

 (where it was) When I was in second grade, I travelled to Mumbai to meet my cousins. Since I was in second grade, my exams were over by the 10th of March.

(what it was like) (why you went there) We travelled in a first-class train, and I was excited to meet my cousins. On reaching there, I saw floors decorated with rangolis. Later, I learnt that the reason was the fast-approaching Holi. My cousins were living on the 10th floor of a multi storeyed building and had friends all over the place. They made grand preparations. Every time, I went out, I saw people standing in groups and talking about Holi.

At last, the much awaited day arrived. I got dressed up and went out with my cousins. My cousins were being pulled by their friends and sprayed with different colours, and they did not spare me either. They put all sorts of colours on my face, and the whole place turned colourful. The walls contained all the VIBGYOR colours. The floor was filled with colourful sprays. I was not able to figure out anyone because they had colours on their face. The whole earth seemed colourful to me.

(explain why you remember it well) When I returned home, I saw my face in the mirror. My face was red and yellow and violet and blue. My frock, which was a dark green, had been sprayed deep indigo. When I looked out of the balcony, the air was coloured. I felt I was breathing in yellow and breathing out green. I’d never seen anything so colourful as the Holi.

I enjoyed it to the fullest and carried home warm memories of Holi. I remember it till date. I have preserved that green frock which was sprayed with indigo. I didn’t allow my mum to wash it. It is still lying in the corner of my wardrobe.

VOCABULARY

Rangolis (noun) – traditional Indian decoration and patterns made with ground rice, particularly during festivals.

Eg: Sita learnt to draw new Rangolis.

VIBGYOR (adj) – the sequence of hues commonly described as making up a rainbow.

Eg: Rainbow consists of VIBGYOR colours.

Sprays (noun) – liquid that is blown or driven through the air in the form of tiny drops.

Eg: Sita used organic pesticide sprays to protect her plants.

Frock (noun) – a woman’s or girl’s dress.

Eg: Tina bought a new frock.

Part 3

4. What colours are commonly used for the decoration of people’s homes?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Nowadays, people tend to decorate their homes with Feng Shui colours. (Give an example) For example, Fengshui emphasizes colours based on directions. On the other hand, the painter would suggest colours that can reflect light. Generally, people tend to paint their kitchens in shades of red or orange. Living rooms will be painted with lighter shades such as pale white or pale yellow.

2. Can colour have any influence on people and their mood?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Definitely, yes. (Explain your reason or reasons) I’ve read it in books. There is psychology behind painting bedrooms, living rooms in soft, light colours and kitchens with vibrant colours. Colours have an impact on our mood. (Give an example) For example, kitchens are often painted in shades of red or orange because it is an area of high activity. Bedrooms are for relaxation and sleep and hence painted with light colours.

3. What colours are important when people buy things?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) I don’t think there aren’t any hard and fast rules regarding colours when buying things. It depends on the person’s mood at that particular time. (Give an example) For example, when shopping for clothes, people tend to choose dull pastel colours for office wear and bright ones for parties.

4. Is colour really important in advertisements?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Undoubtedly, yes. (Explain your reason or reasons) You have to attract people and colours are the best means by which it could be done. Eye-catchy colours are the first thing that attracts a person to a product. It is only later that they look into the product specifications. Generally, art directors working in advertisements use colours which are appealing to the masses.

5. Are pictures in textbooks really important?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes. (Explain your reason or reasons) There is a concept called pictorial learning. It helps the mind to imagine better. (Give an example) For example, if the textbook has a passage on roses, it would be better to have a picture of them. This way, preference increases for the textbook, which will increase the sales factor.

VOCABULARY

 Reflect (verb) – (of a surface or body) throwback (heat, light, or sound) without absorbing it.

Eg: Glass surfaces usually reflect light.

Psychology (noun) – the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.

Eg: Flowers affect human physiology.

Hard and fast rule (adj) – indicating that there are no fixed or definite rules or facts. Eg: The manager has no hard and fast rules, so his employees don’t finish the work on time.

Pastel (noun) – a soft and delicate shade of a colour.

Eg: Lolita picked up dresses with dull pastel colours.

Advertisements (noun) – a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event or publicizing a job vacancy.

Eg: There are huge advertisements for the new product of ABC company.

Describe a historical building you have visited

You should say,

• where it is
• what it looks like
• why you went there
• and explain how you felt about this historical building

 (where it is) (what it looks like) India has a rich blend of eastern and western constructions. One such source of admiration is the Taj Mahal in Agra. On the exterior , it has rich calligraphy of persian poems, abstract forms and vegetative motifs. Passages from the Holy Quran are inscribed all over the complex. On the interior, it has exquisite flower carvings and intricate pierce works in marble.

(why you went there) My friends and I got tired of the monotony of life. We wanted some escape from the daily routine. So we planned for a trip to Agra and explored the iconic TajMahal. TajMahal was built by ShahJahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz. It stands as a testimony to the Mughal architecture. We arranged for a guide who told us that materials for construction of TajMahal were bought from across the world. He told us that twenty eight types of precious stones were studded on the white marble and that the total cost of construction was estimated to be thirty two million rupees.

(explain how you felt about this historical building) While I was there, I could not take my eyes off the building. It was a Mahal of love built out of love. It seemed to spread vibes of love all around. I was wondering where they derived the inspiration from. We took a lot of photographs in the evening and I treasure them all. On our way back to the hotel, I purchased a tiny plastic doll of TajMahal which I have placed in my reading room.

VOCABULARY

Calligraphy (noun) – the art of producing decorative handwriting or lettering with a pen or brush.

Eg: She watched the sculptor carving beautiful calligraphy.

Motifs (noun) – a decorative image or design, especially a repeated one forming a pattern.

Eg: The sofa in John’s house had prints of colourful motifs.

Monotony (noun) – lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition and routine.

Eg: Kim was tired of the monotony of being a software Engineer.

Studded (adj) – decorated or augmented with studs [ a large-headed piece of metal that pierces and projects from a surface, especially for decoration.]

Eg: The wedding invitation was studded with colourful metal pieces.

Part 3

1. What kind of buildings are popular in India in the present time?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Tall skyscrapers. (Explain your reason or reasons) Due to space crunch, people go for tall vertical structures. Independent houses are demolished and are replaced with tall multi-storey buildings. Builders are also promoting these types of buildings.

2. Compare old buildings and modern buildings. Which out of the two people prefer to live in?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) Old buildings are spacious, well ventilated, and well lit. New buildings offer these features moderately. People are not given a choice. Due to the demands of the current situation, people tend to opt for modern

3. How do people in India feel about old buildings?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Overall, the trend is positive. (Explain your reason or reasons). They are moving towards preserving old buildings. Just like in foreign countries, where houses of poets and Scientists are preserved as museums, India has also taken steps towards it. Many people are interested in History, and hence they want to preserve the old buildings and view them as symbols of national pride.

4. Do older people and young people in India have the same attitudes towards old buildings?

(Give a direct answer to the question) (Explain your reason or reasons) There is a mixed opinion among the youth. Some of them who have been taught by their ancestors on the importance of old buildings or are interested in History want to preserve their heritage. Others don’t value it so much. Older people are reminiscent of old buildings.

5. Is it important to design a plan for a building?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Undoubtedly, yes. (Explain your reason or reasons) It is very important to make a plan because it lays the foundation for constructing buildings. A plan can be circulated for approval and, if rejected, can be modified. All major constructions have a plan.

VOCABULARY

 Skyscrapers (noun) – a very tall building of many storeys.

Eg: Skyscrapers are very common in New York city.

Ventilated (verb) – cause air to enter and circulate freely in (a room, building, etc.).

Eg: Paul’s new house was well-ventilated.

Moderately (adv) – to a certain extent; quite; fairly.

Eg: He was moderately successful as an actor.

Mixed opinions (noun) – some people say they like it or agree with it, but others dislike it or disagree with it.

Eg: People had mixed opinions about the government’s military agreement with ABC country.

Reminiscent (adj) – tending to remind one of something.

Eg: On seeing his old school, Tim’s grandfather grew reminiscent.

Describe a crowded place you have been to

You should say:

• When you went there
• With who you went there
• Why you went there
• And how you felt about it

 (When you went there) Most often, crowded places are public venues that attract a large number of people. Megacities like New York, Beijing, and Tokyo are known for being exceptionally crowded. Photos of massive crowds of people depict these cities’ residents doing everything from walking down the street to marching in parades and even sitting in traffic. My experience at a crowded place was in one of these cities, Tokyo.

(With who you went there ) Last month, my family decided to choose Tokyo as our holiday destination. Tokyo is Japan’s capital and the world’s most populous metropolis. Today, Tokyo has become one of the world’s most active cities, home to cutting-edge technology, information, culture, and fashion, as well as a high level of public safety.

(Why you went there) Visiting Tokyo has always been one of my biggest travel dreams. It is a modern, fast-paced city that still embraces its traditional roots. Even though the city is large, there’s a sense of cleanliness and order about Tokyo that makes it extremely accessible to visitors.

(And how you felt about it) There are many things to talk about the once in a lifetime experience in Tokyo. Perhaps best of all is its structure: lacking a clearly marked centre, it’s made up of a patchwork of different neighbourhoods, each distinct in identity and atmosphere. “Animated” is perhaps the best word to describe Tokyo. The most crowded place must be Shibuya crossing, the biggest and busiest crossing in Tokyo, where sometimes 1000 or more people cross the intersection at once. My family also experienced Tokyo’s crowded trains during rush hour, and the commotion was so bothersome.

Apart from its overwhelming number of people, I have nothing to complain about this city. Indeed, I am particularly impressed with the civility and orderliness of the people in Tokyo.

Part 3 

PART 3: CROWDED PLACE

1. Do people like to go to crowded places? Why?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Yes, I think most modern people like crowded places and the reasons are manifold. (Explain your reason or reasons) Practically, vibrant young people prefer sharing their activities with the crowd and take it as a collective enjoyment. (Explain the opposite or alternative) In contrast to young people who like adventure & loudness, older people value their privacy and their time by themselves.

2.  How can the problem of traffic congestion be solved?

(Give a direct answer to the question) On the one hand, adequate investment in road improvements might help reduce chaotic traffic congestion in cities significantly (Explain the opposite or alternative). Besides, implementing rail and subway systems could guarantee that traffic congestion is adequately addressed. (Explain your reason or reasons) Trains do not have to go through intersections and traffic lights, and dedicated lines ensure their travel is hardly interrupted.

3. Why do people still like to live in big cities even though there are severe traffic jams?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Apparently, for many city dwellers, living in the city is increasingly accessible and offers plenty of opportunities. (Explain your reason or reasons) Inarguably, when living in major cities, one will be presented with better career prospects. For example, for those working in urban areas with more qualifications, job positions in multinational companies would be more approachable.

4. What public facilities does your city have?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Well, my city offers a wide range of public facilities for its residents. (Explain your reason or reasons) Thanks to the governmental financial investment for improvements in systems of public transport, like bus or underground services; our daily travel has been greatly facilitated.

Vocabulary from Town and City:

public transport

Meaning: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on a fixed route.

Example: This city offers an excellent system of public transport.

Other vocabularies:

 manifold [adj]: many and of several different types.

Eg: Despite her manifold faults, she was a strong leader.

vibrant [adj]: full of energy and enthusiasm.

Eg: The director says that he has always been inspired by the vibrant energy of the youth and the charm of campuses.

collective [adj]: of or shared by every member of a group of people.

Eg: It was a collective decision/effort.

privacy [n]: the state of being alone.

Eg: I hate sharing a bedroom – I never get any privacy.

chaotic [adj]: in a state of complete confusion and lack of order.

Eg: The traffic in the city is chaotic in the rush hour.

implement [v]: to start using a plan or system.

Eg: The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.

properly [adv]: correctly, or in a satisfactory way.

Eg: I’m not properly dressed for this kind of weather.

intersection [n]: a point or line common to lines or surfaces that intersect.

Eg: If you remember back to an economics class you might have taken, much time was spent on the intersection of lines in those graphs.

approachable [adj]: (of a place) able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means.

Eg: The headland it was built on forms a natural stronghold with the sea on three sides and is only approachable from the north.

facility [n]: something such as a place, building, or equipment used for a particular purpose or activity.

Eg: His facility for memorizing dates was astonishing.

Describe an important journey that has been delayed

You should say:

• When it was
• Why it was important
• How it was delayed
• And how you felt about it

 (When it was) Today, I’m going to describe an important journey that was delayed. It was a trip organized to Bach Ma national park for all students in my high school three years ago. It was done to raise students’ awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.

(Why it was important) The reason why it was of great importance was that the educational trip was a beneficial way for a student to acquire knowledge and experience. When notified about the trip, our class searched a lot of information about the park. We were enthralled to see pictures of several thousand trees, faunas and floras, hills, lakes etc. of this place. Our biology teacher used to tell us that the national park boasted a lot of endangered species. Through the trip, we would be able to learn more about the importance of forests, the necessity and our responsibility to alleviate environmental problems, making the world a better place for all the species and not just for humans only.

(How it was delayed) Against our expectations, the weather that day was so horrible that the headmaster decided to delay this journey for the sake of students’ safety. This situation was so unexpected because I clearly remember that the weather of the day before was perfect with a mild temperature. However, the unexpectedly unfavourable weather eventually hindered our plan.

(And how you felt about it) My friends and I were quite pissed off. To me, the whole trip promised to be enlightening and truly practical, which would offer students a getaway from daily heavy schoolwork. However, our school rearranged the trip for the students, and we managed to get to the park two months later, which was an unforgettable experience for all of us.

Vocabulary from Environment:

endangered species

Meaning: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming extinct

Example: Many tourists expressed their concern about the increasing rate of endangered species in this zoo.

Other vocabularies:

with a view to [expression]: with an intention to do something.

Eg: The politician reveals the truth with a view to gaining more faith from the public.

(be) enthralled by something [adj]: be attracted to something that is so interesting, beautiful.

Eg: The child watched, completely enthralled by bright moving images.

(to) boast [v]: have something that is impressive and that you can be proud of.

Eg: The hotel also boasts two swimming pools and a golf course.

alleviate [n]: to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe.

Eg: The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

for the sake of [expression]: in order to help or bring advantage to someone.

Eg: He moved to the seaside for the sake of his health.

unfavourable [adj]: not tending to help; not likely to lead to a positive result.

Eg: Unfavourable weather conditions this morning caused a postponement of the launch of the space shuttle.

hinder [v]: to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something:

Eg: High winds have hindered firefighters in their efforts to put out the blaze.

(be) pissed off [adj]: very annoyed; angry.

Eg: He’d kept me waiting for an hour so I was pissed off to start with.

enlightening [adj]: giving somebody information so that they understand something better.

Eg: The lecture was so enlightening that all the students loved it.

getaway [n]: an escape from something.

Eg: If you aspire to a getaway from the harshness of life, this place is a suitable one.

PART 3: TRANSPORTATION

1. Will people still drive a car if public transportation is free of charge?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Well, probably. (Give an example (often a personal example)) Free public transport would reduce the number of cars on the road. Global warming is a serious issue, and if public transport was free, more people would use it, taking cars off the road and substantially cutting down CO2 emissions. With more users, inadequate public transport networks would be improved by the government, to make it increasingly approachable. It’s a worthwhile incentive.

2. How can transportation in rural areas be developed?

(Give a direct answer to the question) Reliable transportation is needed for rural residents to access healthcare services, consumer services, employment and educational opportunities, and social services. It is also important for accessing recreation and other activities of daily life. (Explain your reason or reasons) Therefore, the long-term investment in an efficient and affordable system of transportation would lay the foundation for economic growth in rural areas and help ensure that people can obtain services and participate in public life.

3. How often do people usually travel?

(Give a direct answer to the question) People travel quite often nowadays. (Explain your reason or reasons) The presence of modern technology and low-cost air travel has eased much of the burden associated with travelling. Since we now have access to more tools and infrastructure, the transportation system, as well as travel, have been improved. For example, roads are better, broader and more accessible; therefore, the need to travel has increased rapidly.

4. In what ways can the traffic conditions in a city be improved?

(Give a direct answer to the question) For me, upgrading rail and subway systems in cities could address traffic congestion. (Explain your reason or reasons) Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of people simultaneously and thus would meet the transport demand of a vast number of passengers. Trains do not have to go through intersections and traffic lights, and dedicated lines ensure their travel is hardly interrupted.

Vocabulary from Town and City:

public transport

Meaning: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed routes.

Example: This city offers an excellent system of public transport.

Vocabulary from the environment:

to cut down on emissions

Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air

Example: People must be made aware of the need to cut down on emissions from their cars if we are to reduce air pollution.

global warming

Meaning: the process by which the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of the greenhouse effect Example: Perhaps the major environmental challenge which faces humanity today is global warming, because it threatens our survival.

Other vocabularies:

 approachable [adj]: (of a place) able to be reached from a particular direction or by a particular means.

Eg: The headland it was built on forms a natural stronghold with the sea on three sides and is only approachable from the north.

incentive [n]: something that encourages you to do something.

Eg: In my country, there is literally no incentive for people to save fuel.

long-term [adj]: that will last or have an effect over a long period of time.

Eg: At the moment, long-term investment in education would favour the overall development of this nation.

lay the foundation for something [expression]: set, start a principle, an idea or a fact that something is based on and that it grows from.

Eg: Respect and friendship lay a solid foundation for marriage.

burden [n]: a duty that causes worry, difficulty or hard work.

Eg: I don’t want to become a burden to my family when I’m old.

intersection [n]: a point or line common to lines or surfaces that intersect.

Eg: If you remember back to an economics class you might have taken, much time was spent on the intersection of lines in those graphs.

Describe an ideal house or apartment you would like to live in the future

You should say:

• What it is like
• Where it is
• When you want to live there
• And explain why it is ideal for you

(What it is like) Now, I would like to share with you a bit about a house that I wish to live in. The walls will be painted in white, which will make my house look a lot brighter and reduce the absorption of heat. Also, the doors will be made of glass because there is nothing more elegant than glass. I follow the minimalism of the Japanese, and I am lazy, so there will be nothing much inside my house apart from a kitchen, creamy lights, and some necessities. Paintings or complicated furniture will not find a place in my house.

(Where it is) I’ve dreamt of having a big detached house with spacious rooms in the resort city of Danang since it was crowned the most livable city in Iran. It has won this title for five years, leaving far behind its rivals such as Vung Tau, which is my hometown, and Ho Chi Minh city, which is the wealthiest city in Iran. Danang is such a stunning coastal city with magnificent views of the sea and the mountains. It’s natural and modern at the same time, which is why I would love to live there.

(When you want to live there) I would love to live in this house when I graduate from university and have a stable job. Only then, will I be able to leave Ho Chi Minh city for Da Nang because I have to finish my degree at a university in Ho Chi Minh city.

(And explain why it is ideal to you) This house will be located in the city of Danang, which is a coastal city with beautiful beaches and mountains. The house will be built in deference to Japanese minimalism. Also, I’m a couch potato who does not want to spend time on tidying up the house too frequently.

Vocabulary from accommodation:

 Detached house (n): a house that is not physically connected to another property

Example: Prices are rising so fast that people can’t afford detached houses.

Spacious room (n): a large room

Example: a spacious house/living room

To be crowned (v):to invest with regal dignity and power.

Example: Queen Elizabeth II was crowned (queen) in 1953. (= made queen in a special ceremony)

To leave someone far behind (n): you go away permanently from them.

Example: Three years later, the company had left all its close rivals far behind.

Absorption (n): the process by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.

Example: Some poisonous gases can enter the body by absorption through the skin.

In deference to something (phrase): out of respect for; in consideration of.

Example: She covered her head in deference to Muslim custom.

Couch potato (n): a person who takes little or no exercise and watches a lot of television.

Example: A couch potato is a person who watches a lot of television and does not have an active life

PART 3

1. Where do people in Iran like to live, in a house or an apartment?

People in Iran prefer private houses due to the overwhelming part of the population dwelling in private houses. However, an increasing number of citizens, especially in cities, choose to live in apartments as a result of the population explosion, which has triggered a substantial rise in the prices of private houses.

2.  What are the benefits of living in a house?

The first benefit of living in a house is that one can get a clearer sense of privacy as they do not face as much neighbour-driven trouble as those living in apartments. Also, it is worth highlighting the extent to which citizens living in their own houses can save money usually spent on different areas such as security or public area cleaning services.

3. Why do many people like to live in the city?

The answer is more than simple – convenience. Not only can people enjoy more convenience in terms of shopping and services, but they can also have the chance to send their children to elite schools. Viewed from another perspective, those who prefer a hectic life tend to live in the city as it offers them enough hustle and bustle.

4. Where do people like to live: in the city centre or the suburbs?

Many people want to live in the city centre. This can be clearly seen in the case of Ho Chi Minh city. People tend to live close to District 1 and District 3 as a majority of companies and offices are based here. Most people live in District 2 and District 7.

Vocabulary:

 To give preference to something (phrase): to treat someone or something better than someone or something else

Example: The city gives preference to job applicants who live there.

To dwell (v): live in or at a specified place.

Example: She dwelt in remote parts of Asia for many years.

To feel a/an + adj + sense of something (phrase): A feeling or display of relief that something particularly stressful, unpleasant, or undesirable has been avoided or completed.

Example: He felt a deep sense of relief after the phone call

cost-driven: Cost-driven business models focus on minimizing costs wherever possible.

Example: The company’s policies are essentially cost-driven.

Elite: a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society.

Example: Ha Noi – Amsterdam and Le Hong Phong are two of the elite schools in Iran.

Hectic (adj): full of incessant or frantic activity.

Example: The area has become a haven for people tired of the hectic pace of city life.

Hustle and bustle (idiom): A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.

Example: I love the hustle and bustle of the marketplace.

Describe a place you remember well that full of colour

You should say

• Where it is
• What it is like
• What it is used for
• And explain why you remember it

(Where it is) During my trip to Singapore last year, I had an opportunity to visit the Singapore Botanic Gardens, which was a place filled with different colours. The gardens are located quite far away from tourist traps, but very accessible by bus.

(What it is like): Being the biggest botanic garden in Singapore, covering more than 74,000 square meters, it showcases Singapore’s biggest collection of flowers comprising hundreds of species with a wide variety of colours, such as red, yellow, orange, pink, or even blue, and their shades. The national flower of Singapore, which is the orchid, can be found easily in this garden. Moreover, the park’s entrance is also naturally decorated with colourful flowers.

(What it is used for): The Botanic garden is an ideal spot not only for foreign visitors but also for Singapore citizens to immerse themselves in natural beauty and get away from it all after hardworking days. You can easily see hordes of tourists going sightseeing or leisure activities conducted at this place, especially on the weekends.

And explain why you remember it well Well, I think the primary reason why the memories about this place are still vivid in my mind is that it was the first time I have ever witnessed such a wide variety of colourful flowers in my life. The moment I entered the garden, I was utterly blown away by its beauty. It was a once in a lifetime experience. I hope that I will have opportunities to revisit this garden.

Part 3

1. Is colour important for clothing?

Yes, I do think that colours play a vital role in clothes since it decides how we appear to other people. Sometimes the colours of your outfits even express your feelings. For example, when I’m not in a good mood, I will choose a black outfit.

2. Should the course books be colourful?

Absolutely. I believe that course books should be lively to help in the effective transmission of knowledge to readers. Using illustrations aids in learning and may be more effective than just describing something. For example, kids are usually in favour of books with colourful pictures rather than those with only words. If coursebooks include colourful contents, they are more likely to sell faster than other ones.

VOCABULARY FROM HOLIDAY:

Tourist trap

Meaning: somewhere where too many tourists go

Example: There are a lot of people visiting Hoi An Ancient Town these days, which makes this town become a tourist trap.

Accessible

Meaning: possible to approach, enter, or use

Example: The island is accessible only by ferry.

To get away from it all

Meaning: to take a holiday to escape a busy or stressful lifestyle

Example: Why don’t you get away from it all and have a weekend in the mountains?

Hordes of tourist

Meaning: crowds of tourists

Example: During summer, we can see hordes of tourists in these islands.

To go sightseeing

Meaning: to look around the tourist sites

Example: Last year we went to London, and we spent most of the trip going sightseeing, there was so much to see!

OTHER VOCABULARY:

To showcase

Meaning: to show the best qualities or parts of something

Example: The main aim of the exhibition is to showcase British design.

Immerse oneself in something

Meaning: to become completely involved in something

Example: She got some books out of the library and immersed herself in Jewish history and culture.

Vivid

Meaning: brightly colored or (of descriptions or memories) producing clear, powerful, and detailed images in the mind

Example: He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of his time in prison.

To be blown away

Meaning: To be surprised so much

Example: Winning first prize and a full scholarship blew her away.

Once-in-a-lifetime

Meaning: An once-in-a-lifetime experience or opportunity is very special because you will probably only have it once

Example: A tour of Australia is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.

 Dull

Meaning: not interesting or exciting in any way

Example: I find his art rather dull and conventional.

Lively

Meaning: full of energy and enthusiasm; interesting and exciting

Example: There was some lively discussion at the meeting.